Introducing OmniWell™

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Presentation transcript:

Introducing OmniWell™ Oil & Gas Downhole Sensing Challenges and Solutions KTN Event : Sensing in Extreme Environments Introducing OmniWell™ Permanent Production and Reservoir Monitoring Mario Toro – Production Optimization Solutions Weatherford London, 7th May 2015

Weatherford Weatherford are a Global provider of Oil and Gas products and services and are located in over 120 Countries, here in the UK we have locations in London, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Great Yarmouth, East Grinstead, Inverness, Arbroath, Dorchester, Tewksbury and Plymouth (UK 1800 staff) We have over 135 different Product lines and 56,000 Employees split into 4 main groups – Formation Evaluation Well Construction Completion & Stimulation Production Optimisation Purpose Weatherford supports the sustainable development and production of oil and gas resources, wherever they exist, to ensure the world’s current and future energy needs can be met safely, efficiently and economically

Weatherford Monitoring Over 50 countries and 300 people Over 500 permanent monitoring installations per year: 15-20% optic, 75-80% electronic systems ~4 million feet of Downhole cable per year Install circa 800 P/T gauges per year Premium monitoring (optics, quartz) ~50-50% land-offshore , 8 Subsea installs

Oil & Gas Downhole Sensing Challenges Production and Reservoir Monitoring : Intelligent Wells Sandface monitoring Artificial Lift Heavy oil / Thermal recovery HPHT applications (up to 300 Deg C) Shale/ Multi stage fracking Borehole and Microseismic monitoring Subsea monitoring

What is OmniWell Monitoring? Weatherford’s solution and technology platform for permanent downhole monitoring Full suite of electrical & optical sensors Best-in-class optical sensors Proven track record Experienced operational teams Real-time data acquisition Production optimization software and consulting services Complete data integration solutions Right data, right time, right decisions

OmniWell Sensing System Electronic sensing systems Pressure, temperature and vibration sensing Up to 200°C and 25 kpsi Over 6,500 gauges installed worldwide Over 210 Quartz installations (start 2008) Optical sensing Pressure/temperature gauges Multi-point temperature arrays Full bore downhole multiphase Flowmeter Multi-component in-well seismic Distributed temperature sensing Up to 572°F (300°C) and 30,000 psi (2,068 bar) Over 6,000 discrete sensors installed downhole

Why Optical Permanent Monitoring Systems? High Reliability No Downhole Electronics No Moving Parts Nominal Part Count Ideally Suited For Harsh Environments High Temperature Capability Vibration and Shock Tolerant High Data Transmission Capability Multiple Sensors on Common Fiber Infrastructure Technological Advances Driven by Telecom Rigorously Qualified Field Proven Script: The main benefit of optical sensing systems is increased reliability, which in turn leads to long-term production and reservoir optimization. Note the failure rate vs. time graph: electronic sensors follow the classic “bath tub” failure characteristic – infant mortalities do occur, followed by a period of level reliability, and then a wear-out phase. The wear-out phase produces a sudden and sharp increase in failure rates. The higher the operating temperature, the sooner this wear-out phase occurs. Optical sensors, on the other hand, don’t have the same wear-out phase as electronic systems. In fact, they can provide operational life that’s four times as long as the typical five-year electronic equivalent. Likewise, the reliability vs. temperature graph illustrates that temperature plays a major role in the reliability of permanent monitoring systems. With an electronic system, reliability decreased exponentially with increase in temperature. However, temperature increase does not reduce reliability in an optical system because it does not incorporate any downhole electronics. Glass inherently performs well at high temperatures. Consider two analogies here. When you buy a car you will drive it for say 100,000 miles and then everything will go wrong at once – brakes, engine, exhaust, steering. The car has reached the wear out phase of it’s bath tub curve. An optical sensing system is like a car that runs for ever. Consider the lap top this presentation is being presented from. It’s full of electronics. If I left it running in this cool air conditioned room it would run for how long – 2 years, 3 years, maybe even 5 years. Eventually though, the electronics would degrade and fail. If I put the same laptop outside in a hot climate it would fail earlier. Temperature would result in the electronics degrading more quickly. Consider a laptop made only of glass – it would run just as long outside in a hot climate as it would in this room. This is proven fact, there is published theory on degradation rate of electronics with temperature increase.

What are Fiber Bragg Gratings? Interfering UV laser beams inscribe FBG on core of optical fiber FBG is wavelength- (color-) specific reflector Applied strain changes FBG reflective wavelength Package FBG so that measured quantity strains FBG Surface instrument detects associated wavelength shift Calibration algorithm converts wavelength to measurement As was discussed in the previous section, the optical fibre runs from from the instrument through the sensors to the end of the well, or at least the fibre! Each sensor or FBG has a different area of the bandwith to work within. This slide reminds you of the principles involved in a FBG partially reflecting specific wavelengths and the movement of the wavelength when under the influence of strain, however it is translated from the sensor to the FBG. Unfortunately seismic sensors need to be a good bit more sensitive than a single FBG.

Notable Milestones along the way… WORLD-FIRST DOWNHOLE FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATIONS

Optical Sensing – Rapid Adoption, Improved Reliability 600 installations, 6000 optical sensors and 5.6M metres of fiber installed to date. * Data current as of June 2013

OmniWell Technology Glass CaneTM Bragg Grating Sensors HPHT CanePTTM gauges and CaneATSTM Array Temperature Sensing (ATS) LxDATATM Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Slimline LxPTTM Gauges and LxATSTM Array Temperature Sensing (ATS) Interferometric Acoustic Sensors Single and Multiphase RheosTM Flowmeters and ClarionTM Seismic Accelerometers Distributed Sensing Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS, ATS, DAS) Electronic Pressure/Temp Monitoring Silicon on Insulator Strain and Resonating Shear Quartz

Optical Sensing Configurations Temperature measurements along the well can be attained by several techniques. Point sensor Distributed sensor Continuous sensor Quasi-distributed sensor Multiple sensor locations PT Single sensor location DTS ATS

Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Monitoring Application Thermal profile of well Production and injection profiling Monitor water, gas, steam breakthrough Identify well problems (Leak detection) Gas lift monitoring Wax, Paraffin and hydrate formation monitoring Perforation effectiveness & completion integrity Installed in over 261 wells (262 sensors) worldwide Variety of DTS instrumentation available Single Mode (275°C) & Multi Mode (175°C) Although a simple measurement, having the distributed temperature across the whole well enables remarkable insight into the physical health of a well and the production environment once properly interpreted. DTS Well Profile

Array Temperature Sensing (ATS) Applications: Determination of wellbore fluid flow rates Characterization of contribution of oil, water, and gas to the production stream Monitoring of water and steam injection performance Detection of water or gas for breakthrough Seamless integration with other Weatherford optical sensors Intelligent wells Subsea wells, where reliability and longevity are crucial Leveraging Proven Monolithic Glass Waveguide Technology

DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) Distributed Sensor Fiber = Continuous Acoustic Sensor DAS uses a (downhole) fibre to monitor the acoustic field continuously along its length Typical specifications: Spatial resolution: 1 or 10m Range: 2km, 10km, >40km Frequency Range: 0.1Hz – 20kHz (depends on range) Sensitivity: 60 dBA* Dynamic range: > 90 dB Update time: < 1 second

Distributed Acoustic Sensing Acoustic measurements along fiber Mainly single mode Weatherford cable is “DAS capable” Multiple case studies presented Key Applications Noise and vibration monitoring Gas flow measurement Seismic imaging Challenges Large amount of data (terabytes) Expensive surface instrumentation Sensor performance uncertainties SPE 149602 EAGE 2012, Copenhagen, Madsen, et al 16 16

Optical Flowmeter Applications Direct Determination of Productivity Index Zonal production allocation Reduce surface well tests and surface facilities Commingled production Identify production anomalies on real time Full bore, non-intrusive, no moving parts No downhole electronics, sensor isolated Liquid, gas, or multiphase Real-time, High accuracy: single-phase ±1%, multiphase ±5% Zero drift Bi-directional flow rate 76 wells install run worldwide

Flowmeter Functionality SOS 18 18

Flow Velocity Velocity wave-number/frequency plot Turbulent pipe flow contains vortical structures that convect with the flow Vortices are “tracked” using sensors mounted on the outside of the pipe Highest power distribution of the flow is determined in the space-time domain Wave number/frequency plots Velocity is calculated from the slope of the highest power distribution 19 19

Clarion™ Seismic System Life of Well™ Borehole Seismic Development and production environment Production, injection and monitor wells High resolution capabilities of in-well seismic Time-lapse (4D) VSP imaging Continuous seismic monitoring Microseismic, seismic while drilling High Performance Broad bandwidth, high sensitivity and wide dynamic range Optical Seismic Sensors 3-component accelerometer 10 wells (48 sensors) installed Standard Weatherford optical backbone Combines with optical PT, DTS & Flow

Permanent Seismic Applications 21 21

Optical Cable Designed for life-of-well reliability HP/HT applications 25,000 psi (1,700 bar) 347°F (177°C) 572°F (300°C) Up to 3 fibers for multiple measurements Single mode and multimode > 3 fibers for 212°F (150°C) Supports all Weatherford optical sensor types Bragg grating sensors, DTS Proven hydrogen and fluid resistance Hydrogen resistant fiber Hydrogen protective barrier Standard ¼” cable installation procedures 4 Fibre available for Specialist installations Over 5.6 Million meters installed worldwide The back bone of all of the optical sensors is the downhole cable. This consists of a patented system of 3 fibres loosely held within an incoloy tube so that for the deployment purposes it looks and behaves exactly like any hydraulic control line. Weatherford engineers and operator personnel have been running these lines with completions for many years and the standard method of running these is well understood and is reliable. The sensors can be mixed and matched onto these fibres but there is a limit to the combinations ans the number of sensors per fibre. Of course, multiple fibres can be deployed at one time. I think the most we have run at once is 7 including true hydraulic lines.

Flexible Sensor Systems Configurations Each optical fiber can support a wide variety of monitoring combinations to meet application requirements. The ability to multi-drop sensors on a single fiber is key to monitoring applications. (3 or 4 fibres in cable) 1 x Flow 2 x P/T Single Mode DTS Multi Mode 4 x P/T 18 x ATS 1 x P/T 12 x CaneATS Single Mode Single Mode DTS 1 x PT 40 x LxATS

Introducing OmniWell™ Thank you ! Introducing OmniWell™ Permanent Production and Reservoir Monitoring Mario Toro – Production Optimization Solutions Weatherford London, 7th May 2015