How to assess social outcomes of education Models of school inspection Anne Bert Dijkstra Education Inspectorate & University of Amsterdam The Netherlands

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education2 “ The Bennington Women”  Bennington College, Vermont, USA  Data collection 1930s - 50s - 80ies  Stability of social orientaties during life span  after 50 years: 60% socio-cultural attitudes explained by attitudes leaving high school  Formation of attitudes: become more stable in late adolescence Source: Alwin, Cohen & Newcomb (1991): Poltical attitudes over the life span.

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education3 Primary goals of education:  Academic development ̴ qualification (reading, writing, match, science etc.)  Social development ̴ socialization Criteria for evaluating school quality:  Core curriculum & academic achievement  Social outcomes of schools

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education4 Social outcomes  multi-facteded - depending on contexts, different roles - varies by time, place  wide-ranging (≠ ‘ abstract’)  important for strong economies & personal success (≠ ‘soft’)

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education5 Social outcomes of education:  Social returns positive effects on wellbeing, health, educational opportunities children etc.  Social competence a person’s ability to fulfil different social roles successfully E.g.: communication skills; understanding social dynamics; knowledge, skills, attitudes for handling situations effectively; norms  Civic competence E.g.: social and civic participation, pro-social values  Social cohesion & Social capital

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education6 Social outcomes of schools:  Social and civic competences of students ‘Social quality’ of schools:  Those aspects of school quality that are primarily relevant to obtaining social and civic competences

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education7 Social outcomes of schools:  Social and civic competences of students Social quality of schools:  Those aspects of school quality that are primarily relevant to obtaining social and civic competences - Teaching and learning - Important for student and society

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education8 Main functions school inspection in social domain:  Strengthening school improvement  Accountability Also:  Preventing unintended effects of academic achievement centered inspections

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education9 Effective school inspection in the social domain?  Experiences of 4 SICI Inspectorates The Netherlands - Norway - Scotland - Sweden  SICI Working Group Social Outcomes of education  Report: Social Outcomes of Education. The assessment of social outcomes and school improvement through school inspections

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education10

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education11 School inspection in the social domain:  Educational content  Quality of educational process  Student outcomes possible indicators: - social and civic competences (tests, observations) - orientations, values (questionnaires) - behaviour (in school / community) (questionnaires, observations, portfolio) ‘Added value’ of schools: not available (as yet) Instead: benchmark approach

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education12 Main functions school inspection in social domain:  Accountability  Insight in what’s going on for parents, society, policy makers  School improvement

Assessment models social domain (characteristics: ▪ major ▫ partial. minor / none) 13 school improvement model process model output model standard setting. ▫▪ clear standards. ▫▪ focus on learning ▪▪. focus on results ▫. ▪ self-evaluation by schools ▪▫. sense of school ownership ▪.. acceptance of findings by schools ▪▫. focus on compliance. ▪▫ guidelines for improvement ▪▫. consequences for schools. ▫▪ administrative burden on schools ▪▫. intensity of inspectorate activities – interviews with stakeholders in/around the school (incl. partner agencies and community partners) ▪▫. – school and classroom observations ▪▫. – document analysis ▪▫. – achievement tests and student Questionnaires. ▫▪ – desk analysis ▪▪▫ suitable for risk-assessment..▪

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education14 Conclusions  Social outcomes: vital resource for student and society  Toolkit available See report WG: analysis & models; country descriptions; examples tools & instruments  Future Possibilities for further development based on (inter)national experiences, ideas and data

SICI Conference Social outcomes of education15 “I would venture to say that there is something inherently good in all human beings (). And, yes, there is also something inherently bad in all of us, flesh and blood as we are (). From this premise arises the challenge to order our lives and mould our mores in such a way that the good in all of us takes precedence. In other words, we are not passive and hapless souls waiting for manna or the plague from on high. All of us have a role to play in shaping society.” Nelson Mandela “How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.” Anne Frank