Грамматические времена Прошедшее (Past) Настоящее (Present) Будущее (Future)

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Грамматические времена Прошедшее (Past) Настоящее (Present) Будущее (Future)

Simple (Простое) Progressive (Длительное) Perfect (Совершённое)

Present Simple Progressive Perfect

Past Simple Progressive Perfect

Future Simple Progressive Perfect

Present Simple. Обстоятельства времени. Usually Often Seldom Every day Every week Every month Every year

Present Simple Mike is my friend. I get up at six o’clock every day. My granny cooks very well. Usually I clean my room on Saturday. We are friends. I am a student. Действие или факт???

Факт Be - быть. IS ARE AM He/She/It IS You/They/We------ARE I AM

Is? Are? Am? Masha and Vera ……….. sisters. I ……… a doctor. You ………my classmates. My father ………… a driver. They ……….. teachers. I ………. twenty eight. The weather ……… fine today. My Russian and Literature teacher ….a very good specialist. Ann and Jill …… very good at Maths. The food in our canteen ……. very tasty.

Отрицательная форма глагола to be в Present Simple NOT Is not = isn’t Are not = aren’t

Действие Every week he visits his grandparents. Every year I go to the sea-side. Very often I help Lena with Maths. He likes sport. Kolya runs very fast. My sister and I always help our parents. Mary reads a lot.

глагол 3л.ед.ч в Present Simple в утвердительном предложении употребляется с окончанием -S

Oтрицательные конструкции в Present Simple Do not = don’t Does not = doesn’t

Действие. Отрицательные конструкции. He doesn’t visit his parents every week. I don’t go to the sea-side every year. I don’t help Lena with Maths very often. He doesn’t like sport. Kolya doesn’t run very fast. My sister and I do not always help our parents. Mary doesn’t read a lot.

Действие. Утвердительные предложения в Present Simple. My friend (sing) very well. I (like) detectives and actions. We (study) very well. You (watch) TV too much. Olga (go) to the cinema very often. I (go) to school every day.

Действие. Отрицательные предложения в Present Simple. She (not like) sweet things. His father (not think) his son is a good pupil. I (not like) Geometry and Chemistry. Dima and Oleg (not miss) lessons. You (not play) football very often. They (not help) their parents. I (not swim) in the Volga.

Present Progressive Обстоятельства времени Now At the moment Is/are/am + V ing

Is/are/am??? 1.I ….. swimming now. 2. They ….. singing at the moment. 3.Vera ….. cleaning her flat. 4.Mike ….. watching TV now. 5.Mary ….. cooking now. 6.Sveta and her mum …..washing up. 7.I ….. listening to music.

Отрицательные предложения в Present Progressive. is/are/am + not+ Ving I am not playing tennis now. Bill isn’t sleeping now. Children are not watching TV now.

Вопросительные предложения в Present Continuous Are you watching TV now? Is he sleeping now? What are you doing now? Обрати внимание: Глагол сохраняет свою форму! Is/are/am+Ving

Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершённое) Действие уже произошло, но результат мы видим в настоящем. Для нас важнее результат, чем действие. Has/have + Ved/Vз Обстоятельства времени: Already, not yet, just, ever, never.

I have already cooked dinner. Mary has forgotten her book at home. We’ve cleaned the flat. He has just come in. They’ve not come yet. Granny has watered the flowers. Have you done your homework? Has he opened the window?

Отрицательные предложения в Present Perfect Have/has + not + V ed /V3 1.He hasn’t done his homework yet. 2.We have not done it yet. 3.You have not helped him. Why? 4.Vera has not bought this hat.

Вопросительные предложения в Present Perfect Have you cooked dinner? Has Mary bought a book? Where have you been?

I (forget) my umbrella. Let’s come back. Robert already (buy) a new car. My friends already (give) me birthday presents. I (write) a postcard to my friend. Vera (clean) her room. Mike just (pass) his Maths exam. Mother (cook) dinner.

Past simple (Простое Прошедшее). Действие происходит в определённый момент в прошлом и к настоящему моменту отношения не имеет. Обстоятельства времени: yesterday, a week ago, a month ago, last year, last week, last month………..etc.

В утвердительной форме правильный глагол употребляется с окончанием ed, неправильный глагол во 2 форме

Yesterday he came home at 6 o’clock. Last summer we went to Tula. Two years ago he built a new cottage. Yesterday Olga helped her mother about the house. At the lesson I answered my teacher’s questions.

Yesterday Helen (buy) a new toy for her daughter. A week ago I (visit) my granny. Last Sunday Mary (skate) with her friends. Yesterday Bill (help) his mother about the house. Last summer my parents (go) to Samara.

Отрицательная форма в Past Simple She didn’t go to school yesteray. We did not listen to music yesterday. I didn’t live in Moscow. They didn’t go to the zoo yesterday.

Отрицательная форма в Past Simple: Did+not+глагол в 1форме Основной глагол без изменения, т.к. маркерами времени являются “did not/didn’t” Did not=did’t

She (not help) her mother about the house yesterday. They (not go) to the cinema last week. Nancy (not water) the flowers yesterday. Mary (not ski) the day before yesterday. Paul (not listen) to music yesterday. My brother (not read) books.

Вопросительная форма в Past Simple: Did you go to school yesterday? Did he fly to Moscow last week? Did you help your mother about the house? Did+глагол в 1форме

Глагол “to be” в Past Simple Утвердит. предложения Was (ед.ч)/were (мн.ч) Отрицат. предложение Was not = wasn’t Were not = weren’t Last week he was ill. We were friends. It wasn’t difficult for me.

My granny (be) a student when she got married. In 1995 my brother (be) a schoolboy. My friends (be) glad to see me. At this time he (be) young and happy. It (be) very kind of you to help me. My parents (be) twenty when they moved to Moscow.

Past Progressive Действие длилось в течение какого-то времени в прошлом. Обстоятельства времени: The whole evening from 5 till 6 yesterday Was/were + Ving We were playing chess the whole evening.

Children (skate) the whole evening yesterday. Jim (write) an essay from 5 to 7 yesterday. When my sister came I (cook) dinner. My mother and me (clean) the flat the whole day. I was sleeping when the phone rang.

Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное ) Обычно используется для описания действий, которые были закончены к определенному моменту в прошлом: They had cleaned their flat by 5 o’clock. Nora had gone away by the time the letter came.

Чаще всего эта форма используется в косвенной речи: Peter said he had bought the sweets the day before yesterday. John asked if I had ever been to Paris.

Past Perfect употребляется также и для того, чтобы показать, что одно событие в прошлом произошло раньше другого: Nobody came to the meeting because Angela had not posted the invitation cards. She couldn’t find the book that I had lent her.

Past Perfect часто употребляется в придаточном предложении после союза “after” (после того как): After she had cried, she felt better. Эта же форма употребляется в главном предложении после союза before (прежде чем, до того как): Before mother came home, Bob had already made lunch.

Past Perfect had + Ved/V3 (утвердительная форма) had + not + Ved/V3 (отрицательная форма) When mum came home I (do) my homework. By 5 o’clock yesterday I (learn) a poem.

Future Simple (Будущее простое) Описывает события или действия, которые произойдут в будущем. Утвердительные предложения строятся с помощью глагола will = ‘ll I will swim tomorrow. He’ll fly to Moscow next week.

Обстоятельства времени: tomorrow, next week (month, year), in an hour…..etc. Helen (swim) tomorrow. Bob (go) to school in an hour. Mike (do) his homework tomorrow. Next summer I (go) to the sea-side. Next week I (visit) my granny. Tomorrow we (write) a dictation.

Отрицательные предложения will + not =won’t Mary won’t play tennis tomorrow. Helen will not go to school on Monday.

Anton (not play) football tomorrow. We (not go) to school on Sunday. They (not play) hockey next summer. Sasha (not cook) dinner tomorrow. Nina (not visit) the dentist next week. Olga (not watch) TV tomorrow. Paul (not play) snowballs tomorrow. Jane (not dive) next winter.

Future Continuous Будущее продолженное Употребляется для описания длительного действия, которое будет протекать в определённый момент в будущем. Nelly will be flying over the Atlantic Ocean at five o’clock tomorrow.

Will (not) + be +Ving I (wait) for you tomorrow at 5 p.m. We (not play) tennis in the morning. I (do my homework) in the evening. Vera (cook) supper at that time. They (not work) in the garden from morning till night.

The Future Perfect Будущее совершённое Выражает будущее действие, которое закончится до определённого момента в будущем My granny will have become a pensioner by the year By the end of the week Nick will have finished his report.

Will + have +Ved/V3 Nick (build) his summer cottage by the end of the summer. By the end of the week I (read) this book. We (get) to our station by 7 o’clock.