Women & Art

Hatshepsut Commissioned Mortuary Temple First recorded great female ruler Portrayed herself As man pharaoh c BCE

Theodora Wife and and empress of Justinian Portrayed leading a procession and equal to her husband (San Vitale, Ravenna) Byzantine c. 550 CE

Hildegarde of Bingen (artist) Illustrator of Illuminated manuscripts, composer of music, visionary, theologian, German nun, died 1179 Fig Vision of Hildegarde of Bingen, c.1100 CE

Isabella D’Este (patron) MOST important female patron of the Renaissance – supported painters like Titian, Raphael, DaVinci Fig Portrait by Titian

Sofonisba Anguissola (artist) Fig Considered to be first Italian woman “art celebrity” Studied under Michelangelo Court painter to Phillip II of Spain Mannerist painter Portrait of the Artist’s Sisters And Brothers, c.1555

Caterina Van Hemessen (artist) Fig Flemish artist Painted FIRST known N. European self-portrait by a woman

Artemisia Gentileschi (artist) Baroque painter and follower of Caravaggio Best known for her versions of Judith Slaying Holofernes. Chiaroscuro = drama Fig Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1620

Marie de’Medici (patron) Commissioned Rubens to paint series of 21 HUGE paintings glorifying her! Wife of Henry IV, first of the Bourbon Kings RUBENS, Arrival of Marie de Medici

Judith Leyster (artist) Dutch Baroque painter Thriving career as Portrait painter -- Also painted still lifes & genre scenes popular in Holland died Leyster, Self-portrait 1630

Elisabeth Vigee-LeBrun (artist) Famous for her portraits of Marie Antoinette Very successful Financially independent One of few women admitted to Royal Academy Marie Antoinette, 1783 Fig 28-13, Self Portrait, 1970

Angelica Kauffmann - Artist Neoclassical painter Lived Trained in Italy, worked in England Founding member of British Royal Academy of Arts 28-20= A Model of Virtue Fig Cornelia Presenting Her Children As Her Treasures, 1785

Edmonia Lewis (artist) Neoclassical sculptor African-American Went to Oberlin College Traveled to Italy This work made 4 yrs After Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation= Abolitionist statement Fig Forever Free, 1867

Julia Margaret Cameron (artist) Prominent portrait photographer in England, 1860s & 70s Photos are usually slightly blurred for dramatic effect. Often dressed sitters As literary subjects Fig 28-67, Cameron, Ophelia, 1867

Rosa Bonheur (artist) Most celebrated female artist of the 19 th century! A Realist well known for paintings of animals Described as a “naturalist” Fig The Horse Fair 1852

Berthe Morisot Impressionist painter Exhibited with Impressionists Used swift, sketchy brushstrokes Married to Manet’s brother and sometimes posed for Manet Villa at the Seaside, 1874

Mary Cassatt (artist) American Impressionist painter Influenced by Degas and Japanese woodblock prints Japonisme Known for her portraits of mothers with children Fig The Bath, 1892

Gertrude Stein (patron) Famous patron of Picasso, Matisse, and other avant-garde artists living in Paris during the early 1900’s and 1920’s Fig 33-8 Picasso’s portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1907

Kathe Kollwitz - Artist German Expressionist Known for very powerful depictions of grief/loss Printmaker (woodcut, etching, lithography) Fig Woman with Dead Child, 1903, etching

Georgia O’Keefe Many styles Affiliated with Precisionism in 1920s Known for abstract depictions of flowers, skulls, bones, landscape Fig Intro #4 Jack-in-the-Pulpit, No. 4, 1930

Meret Oppenheim - Artist Swiss Surrealist While having tea with Picasso, Oppenheim ordered her tea with a “little more fur” since it had grown cold! Anthropomorphic quality Object, 1936

Frida Kahlo - Artist Mexican portraitist Labeled as a Surrealist Known for her symbolic self- portraits Married to Diego Riviera (a muralist) Self-portrait, 1940 Fig The Two Fridas, 1939

Barbara Hepworth - Artist English Minimalist Sculpture attempts to represent the essence of things Loved nature and organic forms Oval Sculpture No. 2, 1943 Plaster cast

Dorothea Lange-Artist Photographer known for documentation of the Great Depression of U. S. 1930s Mississippi Delta Children, 1939 Fig Migrant Mother, 1935

Helen Frankenthaler –Artist b Post-painterly Abstractionist OR Color Field painter Large works where paint is poured onto unprimed canvas Like Color Field but more spontaneous Bay Side, 1967, acrylic on canvas

Maya Lin- artist/architect b Minimalist sculptor Works with land forms & nature Fig Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington D. C.1983 Black granite

Louise Nevelson- Artist/sculptor American Sculptor Known for her assemblages – artworks created from existing objects- Architectural feel Sky Cathedral, 1958 Fig , Tropical Garden II, 1959, wood painted black

Judy Chicago – artist b Aimed to estab respect for women in history Most famous for The Dinner Party that hosts 39 honored guests w 999 names on tiles Ea place setting unique Fig 34-59, The Dinner Party 1979, multimedia, incl ceramics And sewing

Miriam Shapiro –artist b.1923 Maker of femmages collage by women Sought to bring attention to beauty of materials Used hidden metaphors Fig Anatomy of a Kimono (section) 1976, fabric+acrylic on canvas

Cindy Sherman -Artist b.1954 Explores how images of women construct Reality Often dresses herself as characters Fig Untitled Film Still #35 Photograph, 1979

Barbara Kruger b Explored “male gaze” Worked to undermine Myths about women Used text, graphics Fig Untitled (Your Gaze Hits the Side of My Face), 1981 Photograph w red frame

Magdalena Abakanowicz b.1930 Polish born fiber artist Installations Performance artist Deals with themes Of alienation Fig Backs, 1982 Fibers molded

Guerrilla Girls Call attention to injustice in art world Sexist, racist themes Public demonstrations Protect identities w Gorilla masks Fig 34-85, 1988, Poster