Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Chapter.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 18 Psychological Disorders
Advertisements

What is Psychology?.
Mental Illnesses Can happen to anyone, of any age, anywhere.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Dr. Haghighi, MD.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present  Abnormal psychology:  The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and.
Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Nursing Leadership & Management Patricia Kelly-Heidenthal
1 What is Abnormal? Chapter One: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ABNORMALITY: LECTURE OUTLINE Historical perspectives Lessons learned from historical analysis The development of mental health.
Copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 What Is Normal and Abnormal? A man kissing another man A woman slapping.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
© 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Treatment of psychological disorders involving psychological techniques  Involve interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome.
I felt the need to clean my room … spent four to five hours at it … At the time I loved it but then didn't want to do it any more, but could not stop.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Chapter 1. Tips for Effective Studying Establish a quiet place, free of distractions, where you do nothing but study.
Section 4.3 Depression and Suicide Slide 1 of 20.
Bellwork In your IAN, at the top of what will be today’s notes, define normal In your own words When you are done to your partner and share with each other.
by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Chapter 7 Deviant Behavior. Positivism Both biological and psychological views of criminal behavior seethe individual at fault in some way, not society.
Psychological Disorders: An Introduction. Defining Disorder.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
About Mental illness. A person who was mentally ill would be seen as being possessed by demons or supernatural forces. This person would have got holes.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY RONALD J. COMER
Comer, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, 3e 1 Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Slides & Handouts by Karen Clay Rhines, Ph.D. Seton Hall.
Psychological Disorders: An Introduction. Defining Disorder.
Abnormal Psychology Dr. David M. McCord Basic Concepts History.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders. “To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal.” William James Philosopher that wrote a textbook.
Sociological Criminology, Criminology & Cultural Criminology.
Unit 12. Comes from the Latin norma. Means a carpenter’s square. Refers to a rule, pattern, or standard by which to measure the things a carpenter creates.
4 th Edition Copyright Prentice Hall13-1 Therapy Chapter 13.
Chapter 1 – Introducing Psychology Section 1 - Why Study Psychology Section 2 – A Brief History in Psychology Section 3 – Psychology as a Profession.
Abnormal Psychology Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D.. What Is Abnormal Psychology? Study of statistically rare behavior? Study of socially unacceptable behavior?
Chapter 2 Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition by Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale Lecture.
Mental Health in Canada Historical Perspectives. Defining Words Mental Health Movement Mental HygienePatient Rights ExclusionWork Therapy MarginalizationShock.
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCING HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
Unit One.  Psychology is the scientific, systematic study of human behavior and mental processes.
1 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 36 Mental Health Issues.
Psychological Disorders: An Introduction. Defining Disorder.
Trephining, Torture, Lobotomies, Hospitals Intro to Abnormal Psych
Culture and the Treatment of Abnormal Behavior. CULTURE AND PSYCHOTHERAPY.
Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 6e – Chapter 1 1 Chapter 1 Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Slides & Handouts by Karen Clay Rhines, Ph.D. Seton Hall University.
Abnormal Behavior.  Describe the earlier history of treating abnormal behaviors.  What is cultural relativity?  How do you define whether a behavior.
SOCIOCULTURAL MODEL Saleema, Nina, Jenna, and Deja.
Depression and Suicide Chapter 4.3. Health Stats What relationship is there between risk of depression and how connected teens feel to their school? What.
Chapter 18 Psychology. Work Description Psychologists study the behavior of individuals or groups to ascertain and understand the fundamental processes.
Intro. To Psychology Intro. Unit Mr. Stalnaker. Psychology What is Psychology? Psychology is old as a study but young, vigorous, and growing as an organized.
1. 2 Learning Outcomes Gain awareness and understanding of the definition of mental disorder contained within the MHA; Understand the criteria for detention.
CHAPTER 13 Psychological Disorders. MODULE 30 Introduction to Psychological Disorders.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Psychological Disorders: An Introduction Module 65.
 Abnormal Psychology – Fall What’s the plan?  New course  Open discussion  Engage  Effect change.
RG 12a. To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal. 1. There are 450 million people suffering from psychological disorders. It’s.
A History of Psychology. How prevalent are psychological disorders? Out of every 100 people: Out of every 100 people: 13 have significant anxiety disorders.
Lichtman Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, 7e Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Chapter 1.
Chapter 18 Section 1 Psychological Disorders Obj: Describe the basis for classifying psychological disorders.
Ch. 19 S. 1 : What is Therapy? Obj: Define psychotherapy, and list the advantages of each method of psychotherapy.
Abnormal Psychology.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
Psychological Disorders and Therapies
Copyright © 2013 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 1 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Abnormal Behavior or Psychological Disorders
Mental Illnesses Can happen to anyone, of any age, anywhere.
Mental Illnesses Can happen to anyone, of any age, anywhere.
Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
Mental Illnesses Can happen to anyone, of any age, anywhere.
by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Presentation transcript:

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Chapter 1

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Abnormal psychology: –The scientific study of ________ behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning –Many definitions have been proposed, yet none has won total acceptance

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved What Is Psychological Abnormality? Most definitions have certain features in common: “The Four Ds” _____________ – Different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre _____________ – Unpleasant and upsetting to the person _____________ – Interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way ______________ – Posing risk of harm

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Deviance From what? –From behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that differ markedly from a society's ideas about proper functioning –From social norms Stated and unstated rules for proper conduct Examples? Judgments of abnormality vary from society to society as norms grow from a particular culture –They also depend on specific circumstances Examples?

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Distress According to many clinical theorists, behavior, ideas, or emotions usually have to cause distress before they can be labeled abnormal –Not always the case Examples?

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Dysfunction Abnormal behavior tends to be ___________ – it interferes with daily functioning Culture plays a role in the definition of abnormality This alone does not necessarily indicate psychological abnormality

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Danger Abnormal behavior may become dangerous to oneself or others –Behavior may be consistently careless, hostile, or confused Although often cited as a feature of psychological abnormality, research suggests that dangerousness is the exception rather than the rule

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Elusive Nature of Abnormality A society selects general criteria for defining abnormality and then uses those criteria to judge particular cases –Szasz places such emphasis on society's role that he finds the whole concept of mental illness to be invalid Few categories of abnormality are as clear-cut as they seem; most continue to be debated by clinicians

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved What Is Treatment? Once clinicians decide that a person is suffering from abnormality, they seek to treat it –_____________, or ___________, is a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved What Is Treatment? All forms of therapy have three essential features: A _____________ who seeks relief from the healer A trained, socially accepted ____________, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his or her social group A _______________ between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer… tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer's emotional state, attitudes, and behavior

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved What Is Treatment? Despite this straightforward definition, clinical treatment is surrounded by conflict and confusion: –Lack of agreement about goals or aims –Lack of agreement about successful outcome –Lack of agreement about failure –Are clinicians seeking to cure? To teach? –Are sufferers patients (ill) or clients (having difficulty)?

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? In any given year as many as 30% of adults and 19% of children and adolescents in the U.S. display serious psychological disturbances and are in need of clinical treatment In addition, most people have difficulty coping at various times Is this the fault of modern society? –Although modern pressures may contribute, they are hardly the primary cause; every society, past and present, has witnessed psychological abnormality

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past? Many present-day ideas and treatments have roots in the past

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Ancient Views and Treatments Ancient societies probably regarded abnormal behavior as the work of evil spirits –This view may have begun as far back as the Stone Age The treatment for severe abnormality was to force the demons from the body through _________ and ___________

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Greek and Roman Views and Treatments 500 B.C. to 500 A.D. Philosophers and physicians offered different explanations and treatments for abnormal behaviors ____________ believed and taught that illnesses had natural causes –Looked to an unbalance of the four fluids, or humors –Suggested treatments attempted to “rebalance”

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Europe in the Middle Ages: Demonology Returns 500 – 1350 A.D. The church rejected scientific forms of investigation, and it controlled all education –Religious beliefs dominant –Abnormality was seen as a conflict between good and evil –Some of the earlier demonological treatments reemerged At the close of the Middle Ages, demonology and its methods began to lose favor again

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Renaissance and the Rise of Asylums 1400 – 1700 A.D. Demonological views of abnormality continued to decline German physician Johann Weyer believed that the mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body The care of people with mental disorders continued to improve in this atmosphere

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Renaissance and the Rise of Asylums Across Europe, religious shrines were devoted to the humane and loving treatment of people with mental disorders This time also saw a rise of __________ – institutions whose primary purpose was care of the mentally ill –Good care was the intention, but became virtual prisons due to overcrowding

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Nineteenth Century: Reform and Moral Treatment As 1800 approached, the treatment of people with mental disorders began to improve once again –Pinel (France) and Tuke (England) advocated moral treatment – care that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful techniques

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Nineteenth Century: Reform and Moral Treatment By the end of the nineteenth century, several factors led to a reversal of the moral treatment movement: –Money and staff shortages –Declining recovery rates –Overcrowding –Emergence of prejudice By the early years of the twentieth century, the moral treatment movement had ground to a halt; long-term hospitalization became the rule once again

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Media Speak: Immigration and the Mentally Ill in the 21 st Century In 2013 a Canadian woman was denied entry into the U.S. because she had ben hospitalized for depression in the previous year. What kind of roles should mental health experts play in the development of immigration, gun, or other laws that target people with mental disorders?

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Early Twentieth Century: Dual Perspectives As the moral movement was declining in the late 1800s, two opposing perspectives emerged: The ___________ Perspective –Abnormal functioning has physical causes The ____________ Perspective –Abnormal functioning has psychological causes

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Early Twentieth Century: The Somatogenic Perspective Two factors were responsible for the rebirth of this perspective: –Emil Kraepelin argued that physical factors (such as fatigue) are responsible for mental dysfunction –New biological discoveries were made, such as the link between untreated syphilis and general paresis Despite the general optimism, biological approaches yielded mostly disappointing results throughout the first half of the twentieth century, until a number of effective medications were finally discovered

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Early Twentieth Century: The Psychogenic Perspective The rise in popularity of this perspective was based on work with hypnotism: –Friedrich Mesmer and hysterical disorders –Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis Freud and his followers offered treatment primarily to patients who did not require hospitalization – now known as outpatient therapy –By the early 20th century, psychoanalytic theory and treatment were widely accepted

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Current Trends It would hardly be accurate to say that we know live in an period of great enlightenment about or dependable treatment of mental disorders

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved How Are People with Severe Disturbances Cared For? In the 1950s, researchers discovered a number of new _____________ medications: –Antipsychotic drugs –Antidepressant drugs –Antianxiety drugs These discoveries led to deinstitutionalization and a rise in outpatient care

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved How Are People with Severe Disturbances Treated? Before 1950, almost all outpatient care took the form of _________ ____________. Outpatient care has now become the primary mode of treatment –When patients do need institutionalization, it is usually short-term hospitalization, and then, ideally, outpatient psychotherapy and medication in community settings The approach has been helpful for many patients, but too few community programs are available in the U.S.; only 40 to 60% of those with severe disturbances receive treatment of any kind

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved How Are People with Less Severe Disturbances Treated? Since the 1950s, outpatient care has continued to be the preferred mode of treatment for those with moderate disturbances –Although this type of care was once exclusively private psychotherapy, most health insurance plans now cover various settings, as well as specialty care

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved A Growing Emphasis on Preventing Disorders and Promoting Mental Health The community mental health approach has given rise to the prevention movement –Many of today's programs aim to: Correct the social conditions that underlie psychological problems Help individuals at risk for developing disorders –Prevention programs have been further energized by the growing interest in _________ psychology – the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved A New Era In response to growing diversity in the U.S., this new area of study has emerged –______________ psychologists seek to understand how culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and similar factors affect behavior and thought and how people of different cultures, races, and genders may differ psychologically

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved The Increasing Influence of Insurance Coverage Today the dominant form of insurance coverage is the managed care program – in which the insurance company determines key care issues –At least 75% of all privately insured persons in the U.S. are enrolled in managed care programs –A key problem is that reimbursements for mental disorders tend to be lower than those for medical disorders

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved What Are Today's Leading Theories and Professions? One of the most important developments in the field of abnormal psychology has been the growth of theoretical perspectives, including: ___________

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved What Are Today's Leading Theories and Professions? One final key development in the study and treatment of mental disorders has been a growing appreciation of the need for effective __________. Clinical researchers have tried to determine which concepts best explain and predict abnormal behavior, which treatments are most effective, and what kinds of changes may be required

Abnormal Psychology | Ronald J. Comer | Ninth Edition Copyright © 2015 by Worth Publishers. All rights reserved Technology and Mental Health Digital world provides new triggers and vehicles for the expression of abnormal behavior Multitude of digital distractions provides the foundation for shorter attention spans Use of _____________ on the rise –Therapy sessions via Skype or other apps Mental health apps in the marketplace increasing sharply