University of Khartoum Faculty of nursing sciences Master program Batch seven

Margaret Jean Watson Philosophy and science of caring

Presenters (group six ) Supervisor Dr- Elham Fatima kowther Rania shaza

 Describe the general aspects of Watson ’ s ca ring theory.  Describe how Watson ’ s caring theory can be applied to clinical practice.  Describe the person through Watson ’ s caring lens.  Describe the person ’ s health through Watson ’ s caring lens.  Describe nursing through Watson ’ s caring lens. Objective

BACKG ROUND

-Born in southern west Virginia --Grow up in small town of Welch The youngest of eight children -High school in west Virginia -Louis gale school of nursing Married and move to Colorado -She has two daughters and five grand children

Achievement -Bs in nursing Ms in psychiatric mental health nursing PhD in education psychology and counseling Joined the school of nursing faculty of Colorado health science centre -Chair and assistant dean of under graduate program -Implementation of the nursing PhD program Co-ordinator and director -Dean of the university of Colorado 1982

Cont- achievement Professor of nursing and holds chair in caring science Shared in the development of post baccalaureate nursing curriculum in human caring -founder and member of the board of boulder hospice -high honor of distinguished professor of nursing recipient of national league for nursing member of executive committee -certification as a holistic nurse

Publications -the philosophy and science of caring human science and human care a theory of nursing post modern nursing and beyond

Theoretical sources The work k of nightingale,hinderson,and hall -peplau and Maslow,Erikson -She acknowledges philosophilical and intellectual guidance for m feminty theory Her inter personal and transpersonal viewed from Carl Rogers

Definitions

 When medical science has failed to offer a patient any things that is the opportunity of nurses to offer every things to the patient  Caring in need is essence of nursing  Caring create greatest impact in the lives of our patient  Caring attitude makes nurses different among the rest

 (We are the light in the darkness, and in this model we get to return to the light of our humanity )  She believes that the main focus in nursing on carative factors  She believes that for nurses to develop humanistic philosophies and values system a strong Liberal arts back ground is necessary  She believes that the nursing is being threatened by the task and technology

nursing Health promotion Prevent ill ness Caring for sick Restoring health

Assumptions

Caring demonstrated interpersonally Caring results in the satisfaction of human needs Accepts person as may become Caring environment allow the pt to choose the care Caring healthogeni more than curing Caring is central to nursing Effective caring promotes health and individual growth

caring response Central health ogenic choice Needs satisfaction Promotion of health personal

Primary carative factors

Watson mentioned ten carative factors

1= Formation of humanistic –altruistic System of values 2=Instillation of faith hope 3=Cultivation of sensitivity to ones self and To others

Philosophical foundation

Other carative factors 4-Establishing a helping-trust relation ship 5-expression of feeling 6-systemic use of the scientific problem- solving 7-promotion of interpersonal teaching – learning 8-provision for supportive,protective,and corrective mental,physical,socio cultural and spiritual,environment 9-assistance with gratification of human needs 10- allowance for existential phenomological forces

Watson's Ordering needs

Lower ordering needs biophysical Food-ventilation- elemination

Lower ordering needs Psycho-physical Activity-inactivity)-sexuality

Higher ordering needs Achievement -affiliation Psycho-social

Higher ordering needs Self -actualization

Development of the theory

She added to develop her theory : 1 Philosophy of human freedom and responsibilities Related to nursing practice 2 A biology and psychology of holism intercountered With nature 3 Epistemology allows for advancement of esthetics,and ethical Values

4 Ontology of time 5 Context of inter human events and relationship 6 Scientific world view That is open

soul Foundation for further development emotions mind

Major Concep t Human being Nursing Environment Health

Evaluation Intervention Plan Assessment

anxiety Inactivity or weakness Vomiting and diarrhea

Assessment

plan

Assessment

Intervention

Evaluation

Acceptance by the nursing community

Institutions that are seeking holistic approach to nursing care are integrating many aspect of Watson theoretical commitment to care Practice as general

According to Watson Clinical setting population

Education  active In curriculum planning at the university of Colorado  Framework is being taught in numerous baccalaureate nursing curricula  In addition this concepts are now widely used in nursing program in saturnalia  She defines her intent to describe the core of nursing Education  active In curriculum planning at the university of Colorado  Framework is being taught in numerous baccalaureate nursing curricula  In addition this concepts are now widely used in nursing program in saturnalia  She defines her intent to describe the core of nursing

Research  Watson and colleagues are attempting to research the caring framework and to arrive at empirical data amenable to research techniques  Colleagues have analysis the caring literature for themes related to conceptual and theoretical development  Research and practice must focus on both subjective and objective patient outcomes Research  Watson and colleagues are attempting to research the caring framework and to arrive at empirical data amenable to research techniques  Colleagues have analysis the caring literature for themes related to conceptual and theoretical development  Research and practice must focus on both subjective and objective patient outcomes

 to describe the similarities and differences between what nurse consider care and what patients consider care goal

To classifying the caring behaviors To Generate testable hypotheses

Open- ended questionnaire Taking care of Caring about patient

patients Nursing students Registered nurses

Discrepancy in the values considered most important by :RN,SN,PT Raised a question about differences in values for persons in various situations and the question of meeting minimum care needs before the quality of care can be evaluated

CRITIQUE CLARITYSIMPLICITY GENERALITY EMPIRICAL PRECISION DERIVABLE CONSEQUANCES

CLARITY Sophisticated language Lengthy phrases Sentences need more reading Expand philosophical nature

Tangible and more aesthetically appealing Personal reflections Art work poetry

Complex concept Variety of subject matters Number of disciplines simplicity

generality Aspect of health Aspect of illness Patient – nurse interaction

Some critics have stated that the generality is limited By the emphasis placed on the psychological aspect rather than physiological aspect

Empirical precision Difficult to study empirically Acknowledges the newness of theory Descriptiv theory Continues to develop her theory

Derivable consequences Identify patient need Caring process Metaphysical orientation

strengths family Communit y culture practice client

limitations Little attention Delineate psychosoci al need Need for more research

THANK YOU