Forklifts, Aerial & Scissor Lift Safety Remember gravity kills Operator Awareness BEWARE ... 6:48 PM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

AERIAL LIFTS Purpose: Lifts are a better way to reach overhead areas and are safer than ladders. However, there are safety precautions that must be followed. ... 6:48 PM 14 13 14 14 14 14 14

Aerial Lifts ANSI standard definition includes: Extensible boom platforms Aerial ladders Articulating boom platforms Vertical towers A combination of any of the above Scissor lifts do not fall within any of these categories Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide) The OSHA standard applicable to aerial lifts used in construction is found at 29 CFR 1926.453. That standard incorporates by reference the definition of aerial lifts used in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A92.2-1969 standard. Therefore, the requirements in §1926.453 apply to equipment identified in that 1969 ANSI consensus standard as aerial lifts. The ANSI standard definition includes the following vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms: "extensible boom platforms," "aerial ladders," "articulating boom platforms," "vertical towers," and "a combination of any of the above.” Of note is that scissor lifts, including those with platforms that extend beyond the equipment's wheelbase, do not fall within any of these categories. Therefore, scissor lifts are not addressed by the aerial lift provisions of 1926.453. 3

Forklift Training Pierce County HAZARDS / PRECAUTIONS Work platform is to be used by trained and authorized operators only. It is the operators responsibility to: Read and understand all caution and danger warnings and operating manual. Perform daily maintenance inspection. Have all worn or damaged parts replaced. Fasten entry gate/chain/bar. Use work platform only on hard level surfaces. ... 6:48 PM Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Lockout/Tagout De-energize and lockout/tagout aerial lifts before performing any maintenance or repairs. Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide) De-energize and lockout/tagout aerial lifts before performing any maintenance or repairs. 5

Struck-by, Crushed-by, or Caught-in Hazards Establish and clearly mark a danger zone: Never move the equipment with workers in the elevated platform Do not allow workers to position themselves between overhead hazards, and the rails of the basket Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide) Establish and clearly mark a danger zone around the aerial lift support vehicle. Never move the equipment with workers in the elevated platform unless the equipment has been specifically designed for this type of operation. Do not allow workers to position themselves between overhead hazards, such as joists and beams, and the rails of the basket. If the basket moves, the worker(s) could become trapped and crushed between the rails and the overhead object. 6

Working Near Power Lines Any conductive object that can be contacted must be maintained at least 10 feet from overhead lines: Conductive objects could be wires, transformers, ducts, pipes, or other equipment Maintain a minimum clearance of at least 10 feet away from the nearest overhead line Always treat overhead lines as energized, even if they are down or appear to be insulated Never lose awareness of the overhead hazard Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide) Maintain a minimum clearance of at least 10 feet away from the nearest overhead line. In addition, any conductive object that can be contacted must be maintained at least 10 feet from overhead lines. Conductive objects could be wires, transformers, ducts, pipes or other equipment. Always treat overhead lines as energized, even if they are down or appear to be insulated. (Qualified power line and communications workers and qualified line-clearance tree trimmers are trained to work closer than 10 feet to a power line.) Never lose awareness of the overhead hazard. 7

Fall Protection Employees shall stand firmly on the floor of the basket: Shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket Shall not use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position While working in a bucket or basket, workers must wear fall protection equipment with the lanyard connected to an anchor point on the boom or bucket/basket Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide) Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial lift shall not be permitted. Employees shall always stand firmly on the floor of the basket, and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position. While working in a bucket or basket, workers must wear fall protection equipment with the lanyard connected to an anchor point on the boom or bucket/basket. Mechanical failures have resulted in buckets flipping or separating from the boom, causing workers to fall. Incidents also have occurred in which line trucks have been struck by passing vehicles, launching a worker out of the bucket. 8

FALL PROTECTION Scissors Lifts (SKYJACK Mobile Elevating Work Platform) Fall protection is not required unless the railing has been removed. Aerial Lifts (articulating & telescoping boom lifts) Fall protection is required due to potential for being bounced out of lift or from climbing out of the basket. ... 6:48 PM

BATTERY CHARGING Battery changing and charging Keep flames and sparks away. DO NOT smoke near batteries. Wear protective apron, gloves, and goggles when working with batteries. Immediately flush eyes with cold water if electrolytic acid is splattered into them. Turn Emergency Power Disconnect Switch to “OFF”. Connect charger AC plug to proper voltage source. Charge batteries. DO NOT leave charger unattended for more than two consecutive days. Severe overcharging and battery damage will result if charger fails to turn off. Disconnect charger from power source. Normal charging will take 10-14 hours. ... 6:48 PM

Refresher training required: New equipment. Change in work place conditions. Accident or near miss. Observed operating in unsafe manner. Note: Performance test must be repeated every 3 years

Students Operating Lifts

Components of a Forklift Truck

Know Your Equipment Controls Adjustments Load Rating Turning radius Forklift Training Pierce County Know Your Equipment Controls Adjustments Load Rating Turning radius Balance points Overhead clearance Side Clearance Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

How does a forklift work?

Stability Triangle - Figure 1 Vehicle Center of Gravity (Unloaded) B A Center of Gravity of Vehicle and Maximum Load (Theoretical) C Notes: 1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C. Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the combined CG should never be at line B-C. 2. The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A and result in a truck that is less stable laterally.

Side Stability Ability of forklift to resist tipping sideways Affected by: How high the load is lifted Levelness of the surface Amount of backward tilt of the forks Wheelbase (distance between sets of wheels)

Side Stability Long and narrow forklifts Short and wide forklifts Operate in tight spaces Difficult to tip forward Can easily tip sideways Short and wide forklifts Can turn sharper Support load sideways Can easily tip forward if load is lifted and tilted forward

Stability Triangle - Figure 2 Load CG Load CG Vertical Stability Line (Line of Action) Combined CG Combined CG Vertical Stability Line (Line of Action) Truck CG Truck CG This vehicle is unstable and will continue to tip over The vehicle is stable

Forklift Baskets: No working from Pallets!

Maintain Safe Working Clearance Minimum 10 feet clearance 50 kV or less Add .5 inches for every kV over 50 kV 100 kV – 15 feet 350 kV – 20 feet 500 kV – 25 feet

If contact occurs: Stay on the machine if possible. Do not touch metal Warn all others to stay away. Assume “hot” you could get a reset. Notify power company immediately. Attempt to move away but assure line is not “connected”.

Bail out procedures Difficult to do! Do NOT face machine Jump with your feet together Do not touch the machine Hop or shuffle out of the area Difficult to do!

Rated Capacity All forklifts have a rated capacity Amount of weight they can lift Determined by the manufacturer Load must be as close as possible to drive wheels

Where a load sits is as important as Load Center Distance from the heels of the forks to load’s center. Capacity is usually rated on load center of 24 inches. If >24 inches the rated capacity is reduced. Rated capacity found on identification plate or Owner’s Manual Where a load sits is as important as how much it weighs!

How do I test a load’s weight? Lift the load 1 to 2 inches. Make sure load feels stable and rear wheels are in firm contact with the floor. If everything is operating properly and the steering seems normal, it is safe to move the load. It is your responsibility to know how much the load weighs!

Forklift Training Pierce County Pre-Check Conduct a safety check at the start of each day or the first time you use the equipment for the day. Completion of the Checklist ensures YOUR safety Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Safety Rules Operate fork trucks only in designated areas with adequate ventilation. Do not exceed the floor load rating. Secure (tie down) unstable loads before starting the vehicle. Keep arms and legs inside the fork truck structure, except when signaling for turns or stops. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Safety Rules Do not jump from a moving fork truck. Forklift Training Pierce County Safety Rules Do not jump from a moving fork truck. Make sure that there is adequate clearance before passing under or between structures. Maintain indoor speed under 5 mph and outdoor speed under 15 mph. Yield to pedestrians. Do not carry passengers. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Safety Rules Tilt the mast back before traveling Forklift Training Pierce County Safety Rules Tilt the mast back before traveling Stay at least three vehicle lengths back when following another fork truck. Maintain forks about 4 to 6 in. (10 to 15 cm) off the driving surface when traveling. Do not attach slings, cables, or chains to the forks to lift materials or objects from underneath them. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Safety Rules When forward vision is obscured, drive in reverse Forklift Training Pierce County Safety Rules When forward vision is obscured, drive in reverse Do not leave a fork truck parked with an elevated load. Do not park a fork truck without turning off the power, placing all the controls in the neutral position, and setting the brake. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Safety Rules Observe all traffic signals. Forklift Training Pierce County Safety Rules Observe all traffic signals. Do not use a fork truck to tow or push other fork trucks, another vehicle, or other equipment. Use pneumatic-wheel fork trucks for irregular terrain and when traveling on streets. Use hard-wheel fork trucks indoors only. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Safety Rules Place tines as wide as possible for the load and lock them in place to prevent sideways movement. Never add a counterweight. Know the weight of the load. Do not exceed the fork truck's rated capacity. Do not lift material or equipment you are unfamiliar with. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Use your seatbelt at all times! Forklift Training Pierce County Use your seatbelt at all times! Why It Matters... Minimizes injuries and saves lives The safest place for a forklift operator to be in the event of a rollover is strapped into his/her seat & protected by the ROP. Investigators of forklift fatalities almost always list, "Ensure that all workers wear seat belts on forklifts" as a recommendation for preventing future accidents. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Restricted View Your view is restricted by the cage and the mast Forklift Training Pierce County Restricted View Your view is restricted by the cage and the mast Drive slowly and watch for: Pedestrians Equipment Drop-offs Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Ramps - Loaded Always ensure load is against the back rest Forklift Training Pierce County Ramps - Loaded Always ensure load is against the back rest Drive UP the ramp with the load uphill Back DOWN ramps Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Ramps – Unloaded When Unloaded Drive forward down ramps. Forklift Training Pierce County Ramps – Unloaded When Unloaded Drive forward down ramps. Drive backwards up the ramp for better view of dock area. Also, pedestrians in the dock area will hear your backup alarm Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Ramp Hazards Never turn sideways on a ramp or inclined area Forklift Training Pierce County Ramp Hazards Never turn sideways on a ramp or inclined area Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Parking Forks fully lowered Engine Off Parking Brake Set Forklift Training Pierce County Parking Forks fully lowered Engine Off Parking Brake Set Park on level area Don’t Block Exits Take the keys Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Entering When Entering a doorway: Watch overhead & side clearance Forklift Training Pierce County Entering When Entering a doorway: Watch overhead & side clearance Use horn to warn others GO SLOW! Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Entering Trucks Before entering a truck Check dock boards. Forklift Training Pierce County Entering Trucks Before entering a truck Check dock boards. Check interior of truck. Ensure trailer wheels are chocked. Check tractor not attached or keys are controlled. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Refueling Fuel gasoline, diesel, and propane fork trucks outdoors only. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Close the valve for the propane bottle while the engine is running to consume all gas in the line. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Non-Hazardous Areas Specific types of forklifts are for use only in non-hazardous locations. These forklifts are not suitable for use in hazardous areas because they have minimum acceptable safeguards against fire hazards. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Non-Hazardous Area Types Forklift Training Pierce County Non-Hazardous Area Types Type D Forklifts are diesel-powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards. Type E Forklifts are electrically powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire and electrical shock hazards. Type G Forklifts are gasoline-powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Non Hazardous Types Type G/LP Forklifts operate on either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas and have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards. Type LP Forklifts are liquefied petroleum gas-powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Hazardous Areas Specific types of forklifts are for use in hazardous locations. Potentially hazardous locations are those where metal dusts, organic dusts, flammable vapors, and gases may be present in the atmosphere. Indoor use of internal combustion-powered fork trucks requires verification that safe limits of carbon monoxide emissions are not exceeded. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Hazardous Area Types Type DS Forklifts - diesel-powered with additional safeguards for exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. These forklifts also meet all the requirements for Type D units. Type DY Forklifts - diesel-powered units with all the safeguards of the Type DS unit. No electrical equipment--including ignition. Equipped with temperature limitation features. Type ES Forklifts - electrically powered – have additional safeguards for electrical system to prevent sparks and limit surface temperatures. ES Type meet requirements for Type E units. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Hazardous Area Types Type EE Forklifts - electrically powered units - all electrical equipment completely enclosed. These forklifts also meet all the requirements for Types E and ES units. Type EX Forklifts - electrically powered - units may be used in atmospheres containing specifically named flammable vapors, dusts, and, under certain condition, fibers. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Hazardous Area Types Type GS Forklifts -gasoline-powered - additional safeguards for the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. These forklifts also meet the requirement for Type G units. Type GS/LPS Forklifts - gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas - safeguards for the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. Type LPS Forklifts - liquefied petroleum gas - safeguards for exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. These forklifts may be used in some locations where the use of an LP unit may not be suitable. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Forklift Training Pierce County Ensuring a Safe Ride Only YOU the Operator can ensure the forklift is operated safely. Conduct a Pre-Check. Know your route of travel. Don’t use un-safe equipment. Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

Final Note . . . . . . . . . Safe Operation depends on YOU! Forklift Training Pierce County Final Note . . . . . . . . . Safe Operation depends on YOU! Know your equipment Follow the safety rules Know your load Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation