RISE OF THE NAZIS LO: explain… (1) how the Wall St. Crash / Depression affected Germany (2) how the Nazis built their support in these years

Before the wall street crash… 1. The USA lends money to Germany 2. German industry recovered and more jobs were created 3a. Workers were satisfied with the Weimar Government 3b. Germany is able to pay its war reparations

After the wall street crash… 1. The USA calls back its loans and stops further loans 2. German industry crashes and unemployment rises to 6 million 3a. Workers were angry with the Weimar Government 3b. Germany could not meet its war reparations

The same month as the WSC (Oct 1929) Gustav Streseman – the most capable politcian in Germany, died of a stroke…

How did the Nazis benefit? 1. Make a list of the “messages and policies” they offered people. 2. Describe how (i) Goebbels (ii) Hitler and (iii) the SA all helped the Nazis gain support. 3. What progress did the Nazis make in elections in ? … easy!! – when you have finished start on Qs 1&2. p.152 Enter the Nazis; p.153 Nazi campaigning & Sources 39 & 41 p.153 – Nazi campaigning; top of p. 154; Sources & 43 p.154 Negative cohesion p.155 Communist threat Election handout + Source 37 on page Top of page 154 re: Presidential election

1. Messages & policies Germany needs a strong leader Unite all Germans behind this leader Abolish the ToV Employ jobless people in the army, in re-arming Germany and in public work schemes (for example Autobahns [Motorways]) Jews, Communists and “Weimar Government” are to blame Go back to “traditional values” Democracy has failed – in fact it has made things worse – Germany needs a dictator

2. Goebbels, Hitler and SA impact on Nazi support Goebbels – PROPAGANDA – posters; pamphlets; rallies; film; radio broadcasts… Hitler – powerful speaker; presented himself as the strong leader of a modern party and as a “man of the people” (“he knows how I feel”) SA – disrupted opponents meetings; beat-up enemies; BUT also presented themselves as an ordered and disciplined group Goebbels Hitler SA

3. Nazi Progress in election – 12 seats (3% of vote) 1930 – 107 seats (18% of vote) Spring 1932 – Presidential election – 13 million votes Jul 1932 – 230 seats (37% of vote) Nov 1932 – 196 seats (33% of vote)

NUREMBERG RALLY (GATHERING) 1927

NUREMBERG RALLY (GATHERING) 1932

Q How does source 35 on p. 152 help us understand the effects of the Wall Street Crash on Germany? 6 marks question. Basic / partial answer using source only = 1-3 marks Good use of CONTENT (picture and description) up to 4 marks. Good use of CONTENT (picture & description) + explanation of CONTEXT (what was happening at time) = 6 marks. Try to write PEE sentences/paras. Aim for 6-8 lines.

Big business fears of Communism As the Depression really hit Germany big businesses became concerned about German workers seeking radical solutions. In particular, businesses did not want the Communists to gain influence in the Reichstag… the Nazis said they were the answer…

A poster created by an opponent of Hitler – the captions read: “Millions stand behind me” and “The real meaning of the Hitler Salute”.

Why did Hitler become Chancellor? (Hitler’s rise to power)

JUST A MINUTE… PAIRS… can you talk for a minute about the rise of the Nazis from without repetition or hesitation? (Time each other). Use the below prompts & recall as much evidence as you can.. The impact of the Depression Hitler’s speeches Propaganda campaigns Violent treatment of opponents Criticisms of Weimar Governments Nazi Policies Business concerns about communism End End

Chancellors & Presidents CHANCELLOR = PM-equivalent… responsible for day-to-day Government; usually the leader of the biggest political party in the Reichstag (Parliament)… appointed by the President PRESIDENT = Head of State … appoints Chancellor and controls the Armed Forces… meant to stay out of day-to-day Gov. but has the power to rule directly in a crisis (Article 48) PRESIDENTCHANCELLOR – STRESEMAN (People’s Party [R-Wing] – only Chancellor for a few months but most important politician in Ger. these years) – BRUNING (Centre Party) JUN-NOV ‘32 –VON PAPEN (Non- Partisan) DEC ‘32-JAN ‘33 –VON SCHLIECHER (Non-Partisan) – EBERT (SPD; SOCIALIST) – HINDENBURG (Non-Partisan)