Evidence Based Practice & Research in Nursing Level 8, Academic Year (AY) 1434—1435 H Dr. Jay Qais Nantin Ablao

The Conceptual Phase Department of Nursing2

Title of the Study Embodies the substantive words or phrases which give the idea of what research study is all about. Consist of words Presents the variables and target population

Kinds of Variables Department of Nursing4

5 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable Explanatory Variable Organismic Variable Environmental Variable Extraneous/Exogenous Variable Abstract/Continuous Variable DichotomousActive Variable

Explanatory Variable Focus of research that indicates direction of influence to what the researcher would like to discover. Explanatory Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable

Also called experimental, treatment, causal (cause) or stimulus variables. Explanatory Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable

Also called criterion, effect, response or outcome variable. Affected or influenced by the independent variable. Explanatory Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable

Department of Nursing9 Identify the IV and DV: Family Economic Profile and the Incidence of Malnutrition among Residents of District 5, Manila, Philippines

Department of Nursing10 Identify the IV and DV: Leadership Skills and Birth Order in the Family among selected Nursing Students in Adamson University

Department of Nursing11 Identify the IV and DV: Managerial Skills of Clinical Preceptors and Student Nurse's Performance

Department of Nursing12 Identify the variable/s: Caring Behaviors of Medical Ward Nurses in a selected Government Hospital in Metro Manila

Variable that exists between the independent and the dependent variable. Makes the relationship between IV and DV strong or weak Explanatory Variable Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable

Identify the confounding variables: Department of Nursing14

Department of Nursing15 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable Explanatory Variable Organismic Variable Environmental Variable Extraneous/Exogenous Variable Abstract/Continuous Variable DichotomousActive Variable

Extraneous/Exogenous Variable Not the direct foci of the study but affect results to some extent. Extraneous/Exogenous Organismic Variable Environmental Variable

Physiological, psychological and demographic factors that could affect the outcome of the study. Ex. Age, sex, civil status, education, employment, ethnicity and religion Extraneous/Exogenous Organismic Variable Environmental Variable

Economic, anthropological, sociological and physical factors that influence phenomenon under study. Ex. Climate, hospital setting, home setting Extraneous/Exogenous Organismic Variable Environmental Variable

Department of Nursing19 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable Explanatory Variable Organismic Variable Environmental Variable Extraneous/Exogenous Variable Abstract/Continuous Variable DichotomousActive Variable

Factors that have different values which are quantitatively measured and statistically tested through the hypotheses. Ex. Age – values from 0 to 100 BP – 120/80 to 180/110 Abstract/Continuous Variable

Department of Nursing21 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable Explanatory Variable Organismic Variable Environmental Variable Extraneous/Exogenous Variable Abstract/Continuous Variable Dichotomous Active Variable

Factors with only two values used in comparative study. Ex. Smoker and non-smoker Pregnant and non-pregnant Male and female Dichotomous

Department of Nursing23 Independent Variable Dependent Variable Confounding Variable Explanatory Variable Organismic Variable Environmental Variable Extraneous/Exogenous Variable Abstract/Continuous Variable Dichotomous Active Variable

Researcher creates and manipulates. Commonly used in experimental study. Active Variable

Department of Nursing25

Writing an Introduction Department of Nursing26

Introduction Rationale or background of the research problem Should stimulate the interest of the reader and researcher’s interest in doing the study Includes also authoritative viewpoints and statistics Purpose of the study

Research problem may arise from the following: Perceived difficulty Gap between what is and what should be Daily experience that requires further inquiry Feeling of discomfort the way things are

Statement of the Problem Presents the problem to be addressed Must be clearly stated Indicates the variables and the population Consists of 2 parts: - Main/Major statement of the problem - Minor/Sub - problems

Department of Nursing 30 Main issue to be answered Main/Major Statement of the Problem Breaks down the major SOP Also refers to specific objective of the study Serves as guide for data collection, measurement and analysis At least 3-8 sub-problems Minor/Sub- Problems STATEMENTOFTHEPROBLEMSTATEMENTOFTHEPROBLEM

MAJOR STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Ex. To determine the correlation between Staff Nurses’ extent of knowledge and their clinical performance of the Nursing Process as a basis for “Improving the Curriculum and the Related Learning Experience Programs of Nursing Education” and the Staff Development/Training Program of the Nursing service. The statement includes the subject of the inquiry (knowledge, clinical performance, and nursing process), the population (staff nurses), and the purpose of the study, (basis to improve the curriculum, RLE and staff development/training program).

Minor/specific or sub-problems Ex. 1. What is the staff nurses’ knowledge of the nursing process in relation to its five basic aspects: 1.1 assessment 1.2 nursing diagnosis; 1.3 planning 1.4 implementation; 1.5 evaluation 2. What is the extent of the staff nurses’ knowledge of the nursing process as perceived by themselves and their head nurses? 3. To what extent is the nursing process performed efficiently by the staff nurses as perceived by themselves and their head nurses?

4. Is there any significant correlation between the staff nurses’ extent of knowledge and their clinical performance of the nursing process in relation to the five components? 5. Is there any significant difference in the staff nurses’ knowledge and their clinical performance of the nursing process as perceived by themselves and their head nurses

A well stated problem guides the researcher in determining the research design. Department of Nursing34

What is the kind of variable which is the direct focus of the research? A.Active Variable B.Dichotomous variable C.Explanatory Variable D.Exogenous Variable

What is the kind of variable which is the direct focus of the research? A.Active Variable B.Dichotomous variable C.Explanatory Variable D.Exogenous Variable

Which specific part of research presents the background of the study? A.Title of the Study B.Introduction C.Statement of the Problem D.Research Abstract

Which specific part of research presents the background of the study? A.Title of the Study B.Introduction C.Statement of the Problem D.Research Abstract

Based on the research title given below, identify the independent variable: A.Academic Performance B.BSN Level IV Students C.Erik Erikson D.Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory and Academic Performance of BSN Level IV Students

Based on the research title given below, identify the independent variable: A.Academic Performance B.BSN Level IV Students C.Erik Erikson D.Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory and Academic Performance of BSN Level IV Students

Based on the research title given below, identify the dependent variable: A.Academic Performance B.BSN Level IV Students C.Erik Erikson D.Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory and Academic Performance of BSN Level IV Students

Based on the research title given below, identify the dependent variable: A.Academic Performance B.BSN Level IV Students C.Erik Erikson D.Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory and Academic Performance of BSN Level IV Students

Based on the research title given below, identify the variable: A.Carative Behaviors B.Male Nursing Students C.Perception of the Clinical Instructors D.Carative Behaviors of Male Nursing Students Carative Behaviors of Male Nursing Students of ABC University as Perceived by their Clinical Instructors

Based on the research title given below, identify the variable: A.Carative Behaviors B.Male Nursing Students C.Perception of the Clinical Instructors D.Carative Behaviors of Male Nursing Students Carative Behaviors of Male Nursing Students of ABC University as Perceived by their Clinical Instructors

Next Topic Reviewing the related literature Undertaking clinical fieldwork Department of Nursing45