NCAA Black Coaches and Leaders in the Professions Road to Success?

Student Enrollment Data Access to Higher education

NCAA Student- Athlete Ethnicity Report: Division I : Highest percentage of Black male basketball players in Division I ( 60.4 percentage) : Highest percentage of Black female basketball players in Division I ( 51.5 percentage) 2008: Highest percentage of football players in Division I were white (46.3 percentage). Black football players (45.6 percentage)

NCAA African American Head Football Coaches: Unequal Access -- Unequal Outcome (Black Bottomed Pyramid) (Shropshire,1996)

Future Issues Facing African American Head Coaches Access to NCAA 1-A Head Football Coaching Jobs. Access to Other Administrative Positions ( ie. Athletic Directors, SIDs, Faculty Representatives ).

What Is AA/ EEOC???? EEOC LAWS: Title V11 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Equal Pay Act of 1963: protects men and women who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment from sex-based wage discrimination. Age Discrimination Act in the Employment Act of 1967: protects people who are 40 years of age and olde r

NCAA African American Head Football Coaches ( November 29, 210) 13 out of 119 ( Kansas, U. of Houston, U. of NM, Naval Academy, Miami*, Florida International, E. Mich. U., NM State U., U. of Memphis, UVA, W. Kentucky, Louisville, U. of Kentucky, East Carolina) Division II: 3 out of 133 ( Wayne State, Stonehill College, Missouri S&T) Division III: 7 out of 229 ( Salisbury, Randolph- Macon, Chapman U., DePauw U., Widener U., Greenville College, Capital U.) BCA Report, 2010

Faces in a Mostly White, Male Crowd (Suggs, 2005) Career Track Fund raiser/ Dev. Promotions/ Market Business manager Asst. AD Assoc. AD AD White African-American 67% 28% 66% 30% 44% 50% 64% 29% 61% 31% 89% 7% data

January 11, 2007 Employment Data 17 Minority Athletic Directors: 12 Black, 4 Latino, and 1 American Indian

2008 Diversity Report 87.5% of the A.D.s are White 92.6% of the faculty athletic reps are White Every conference commissioner is white 55% of all student athletes are minorities

NCAA 1 A faculty diversity ( ) 83.2 % white 3.5 % African American 3.1 % Latino 9.5 % Asian.4% Native American

Newspapers and the Media (2008) 94% of the sports editors are white 88% of the columnist are white 94 % of the sports editors are men 87% of the reporters are white 84% of the copy editors are men

2010 NCAA Hiring Data From : 19 full time Black Head Football Coaches were hired Positions of Power:88 Percent of AD s

Coaching Assignments YearsStudent AthletesAssistant Coaches Head Coaches Athletic Directors %16.9%2.9%3.4% %16.5%2.1%2.9% YearsStudent AthletesAssistant Coaches Head Coaches Athletic Directors %73.5%96%88.5% %74.6%96.9%88.4% African Americans White

College Head Coaches: Men’s Teams BasketballFootballBaseball White76.4%96%96.4% African American23.2%2.9%0.9% Other0.4%1.1%2.7% BasketballFootballBaseball White76.7%96.9%97.5% African American22.9%2.1%0.0% Other0.4%1.0%2.5%

Coaching Mobility: Developing New Models Coaching Mobility Patterns Social, Educational, Athletic, and Career Background Coaching Subcultures Network Structures: – Career Mobility Models Blalock Talent Avenue Internal Mobility Careers: Labels Coaching Mobility Tied to Macro Level Variables Complex Organizational Theory

Career Mobility Patterns Sage & Loy, 1978 (Regional Hiring Practice) Social, Educational, Athletic and Career Backgrounds Latimer & Mathis, 1985 (66% of African American coaches attended college in home district.) Banks, 1979 (Identified Coaching Attributes) Coaching Subcultures Massengale, 1974 (Subculture As a Referral System) Network Structures Linkages Among Individuals: Net work ties Blalock Talent Model : Best person for the job Internal Mobility Careers: Label – mobility tied to success of coach

Black Coaching Career Models Stem and Branch Structural Mobility Model: Develop Trees and Branches Talent Model: Previous Playing skills Personal Attribute: Leader skills, personality Networking Avenues: Ties to Other Coaches and Administrators

Turner Gill (UK)

Kevin Sumlin (Houston)

Mike Locksley (New Mexico)

Ken Niumatalolo (Naval Academy)

Mario Cristobal (Florida International)

Mike Haywood* (Miami of Ohio)

Ron English* (Eastern Michigan)

Dwayne Walker* (New Mexico State University)

Larry Porter* (Memphis)

Mike London* (Virginia)

Willie Taggart* (Western Kentucky)

Charlie Strong (Louisville)

Joker Phillips (Kentucky)

Division 1-A Black Coaches by Position Assignment ( Season) White African American Asian Hispani c Native America n Other Offensive Coordinator Defensive Coordinator All Other Assistants Graduate Assistants

Division 1-A Black Coaches by Position Assignment (1995 Season)

Offensive and Defensive Coordinators (n= 244): ( 10.7 %) African American 4 (1.6 %) Latino men 2 (.8 %) Asian men

BCA Research Design: 2009 Number of communications with BCA and or MOIC regarding candidates of color Number of people of color on hiring committee/ total number of people of color involved in the hiring process Number of candidates of color provided with an official interview/ total number of official interviews Reasonable time frame for search and hiring process Adherence to Institutional AA hiring Policies

Social Justice Initiatives NCAA Leadership for Ethnic Minority Males ( ) NCAA Internship Black Coaches Association Rainbow Coalition for Fairness in Athletics (est. 1992) Black Women in Sports Foundation (founded in 1992) NCAA: Certification Program’s Second Cycle

Student- Athletes Academic Major: Freedom To Select?

Athletes Choose Majors To Accommodate Sports ( Fall, 2006) NCAA Survey: 20,000 student athletes 32% of football and men’s basketball players ( NCAA 1) said their athletic participation prevented them from majoring in what they really wanted. 69% of the major college football and basketball players said their professors viewed them, “ more as an athlete than as a student”

Do Athletes tend to cluster by academic major? Most popular major for football players: business, communications, criminal justice, sociology, sport management (Jan. 2003) Georgia Tech.: 56% football players major in: Management University of Iowa: 20% of football players major in: Business

Jock Majors: Football Bowl Teams (Suggs,2003) Texas A&M: About 25% of the players study agriculture development or Agr. And life Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology: 56 % major in management(11% 0f the University major in this field) WVU: 18% ACE WVU: 8% Sport Management What are the Issues?

Academic Major Selection: Some Possible Factors Course Availability ( classes offered between 1:00 P.M and 3:00 P.M.): conflict with practice sessions Student teaching expectations Labs (evening or weekends): conflict with practice sessions. Very selective academic majors: enrollment management.

A Look Inside The Classroom

Black Athletes and White Professors Overlooking Lower Expectations Cutting Off Intensified Scrutiny Negative Comments

Micro aggression : Invisible in the classroom Racial Segregation- Study groups Social Events Need for Counter Space!

Looking Towards The Future “Big Time College Athletics” Move Towards Equal Outcomes for All Student Athletes Increased in the number of other ethnic minorities( coaches, staff, student-athletes) on campus.

Future Issues and Concerns: A Move Towards Equality of Outcomes Reduce length of playing season, practice sessions and tournament play Freshmen ineligible to play Athletic Department academic advisers report to academic dean or Provost Office