OIL TEACHER

PETROLEUM (CRUDE OIL) Liquid that is removed from the ground before its processed and refined for our use Contains hydrocarbons- molecules of carbon and hydrogen which are released when burned

PETROLEUM (CRUDE OIL) Found in source rocks (rocks that contain starting material for oil) Found under in reservoir rocks which are under cap/ trap rocks (non-porous rocks that trap oil beneath them)

HOW IS OIL FORMED? 1. Aquatic (sea) animals die and sink to the bottom of the sea. 2. The dead animals get covered with mud. This becomes to source rock.

3. The source rock gets buried under more rocks, creating more pressure and forming oil. 4. Oil is squeezed out of the rock and travels up through porous rocks until it gets stuck under a trap rock.

HOW DO WE GET TO THE OIL? Drill either into the land or in the sea (offshore)

WHERE IS CRUDE OIL FOUND?

C4U 1.What molecule is oil made of? 2.Where did these molecules have to come from? 3.How did oil form? 4.What is the term for porous rocks that contain the starting material for oil? 5.What is the starting material for oil? 6.What is the term for rocks that trap oil inside of them?

TAR (OR OIL) SANDS Combination of clay, sand, water & bitumen (heavy thick semi-solid black oil-like substance) Mined to extract the bitumen which is refined into oil Largest deposits found in Canada, Venezuela & the rest in the Middle East Contains 20% more CO 2 than oil

OIL SHALE Any rock that contains solids (called kerogen) that are released as petroleum like liquids when heated up Formed millions of years ago from lake and sea bottoms Similar to how oil was created BUT not as much heat & pressure

OIL SHALE Difficult to extract oil= have to mine & then heat up to evaporate the kerogen Condenses into thick brown liquid (shale oil) Sent off for refining to remove impurities More expensive than crude oil but becomes more cost efficient as oil becomes more expensive & technologies improve Found in Utah and Wyoming

HOW ARE TAR SANDS & OIL SHALE DIFFERENT FROM CRUDE OIL? They contain other semi-solid or solid materials that have to be heated up to turn into oil (liquid) Release more CO 2

REFINING OIL o Sent to a refinery= place where crude oil is processed o Separated into different densities and is then distilled (uses heat to separate chemicals)

OIL USES o * Diesel fuel o Asphalt o * Gasoline o Wax o * Jet fuel/kerosene o Lubricants o * Plastics o Toilet seats o Shoes o Telephones o Ink o Candles o Hearing aids

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries o Work together to control production/supply of oil to control the price. Countries in OPEC 9.UAE 1.Iran5. Libya10.Kuwait 2. Iraq6. Nigeria11. Qatar 3. Saudi Arabia7. Venezuela12. Angola 4. Indonesia8. Algeria13. Ecuador

WHY IS OIL IMPORTANT? o Accounts for 1/3 of Earth’s energy supply o Powers 99% of all transportation (cars, trains, buses) o Entire world infrastructure is built around using oil o Going to be very difficult and expensive to move away from using oil on a large scale o Generates massive revenue for many nations

PIPELINES/ OIL SPILLS Pipelines are large metal pipes that transport crude oil, gasoline, diesel or natural gas Can be small or very large Can rupture/leak oil into the environment, which is very difficult to clean up Drilling for oil can also cause oil spills to occur BP gulf of Mexico Spill

BP OIL SPILL- GULF OF MEXICO 2010

SO DOES OIL SPILL DAMAGE LAST FOREVER? FOREVER Tarballs Mussel beds still recovering Sea animals still dying (oil fumes, dead coral/salmon) Some populations are not recovering at all.

KEYSTONE XL PIPELINEXL 1.Where would the pipeline connect? 2.What type of oil reserve is the pipeline getting its oil from? 3. List 3 concerns of the pipeline. 4.What are the pros of the pipeline?

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Liquid= easily moved/stored Releases large amount of energy Used for many products Power plants easy & cheap to build/maintain Imported from unfriendly countries Releases CO2 & Sulfur (causes global warming) Non-renewable Possible oil spills Expensive to drill