08/29 Warm-Up What role does religion play in politics? Why do you think faith is seen as an important trait of leaders? How might faith be a hindrance to good governance?

Ancient Near East Art Chapter 3, P

Neolithic Revolution Human, no longer a hunter gatherer Now a farmer and herder Mesopotamia – core of a region called Turkey, Syria & Iraq Humans learned how to use the plow and wheel (Anchor date: 3500 BCE)

Sumerian Gov’t Layout City States Each state is under the protection of a different Mesopotamian Deity. City planning and Religion- Sumerian City Plan reflected role of local god in the daily life of the occupants

Uruk – White Temple Sumerians built towering stepped platforms of mud bricks called Ziggurats w/ a temple on a 50 foot man made mound with a city around it Could not hold many worshippers Central hall was set for deity The Sumerian idea that gods reside above the world of humans is central to most of the worlds religions

White Temple and Ziggurat – Uruk – Iraq BCE

Inanna? Uruk Iraq BC Goddess of Love & War Hard stone Possibly attached to wood Probably had more items attached to her head- a wig, jewels and fabrics

Female head (possibly Inanna) from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E. marble approximately 8 in. high RECOVERED

08/30 Warm-Up What is an empire? What are the benefits to an empire? What are the negative effects of an empire? Do we live in an empire? Why are why not?

Warka Vase from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E. alabaster approximately 3 ft. high RECOVERED

Warka Vase from Uruk (modern Warka) Iraq ca. 3,200-3,000 B.C.E. alabaster approximately 3 ft. high

Warka Vase – Alabaster – Hard stone BCE Depicts a religious festival to honor a goddess Blessing from deity Crops, water, male, female Frieze ( 3 sections) Communicates a point, showing Conceptual Representation

Statuettes of worhippers from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) Iraq ca. 2,700 B.C.E. gypsum, shell, black limestone tallest 30 in. high SOME MISSING

Statuettes of worhippers from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) Iraq ca. 2,700 B.C.E. gypsum, shell, black limestone tallest 30 in. high

08/30 Warm-Up What is an empire? What are the benefits to an empire? What are the negative effects of an empire? Do we live in an empire? Why or why not?

Statuettes of worshippers from Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar) Iraq ca. 2,700 B.CE. gypsum, shell, black limestone tallest 30 in. high

Statuettes of Two Worshippers from the Square Eshnunna – Iraq – 2700 BCE Found under the floors Praying Man and woman Waiting for a deity to appear Child like Simple forms, cylinders, inlaid eyes with shells Approx 3 feet high Eyes larger than hands

Bull-headed lyre from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) ca. 2,600 B.C.E. wood, gold leaf, lapis lazuli approximately 65 in. high

Bull-headed lyre from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) ca. 2,600 B.C.E. wood, gold leaf, lapis lazuli approximately 65 in. high

08/31 Warm-Up Find the unique MARCS of the following artwork:

Ram in a thicket from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,600 B.C.E. gold, silver, lapis lazuli, copper, shell, red limestone, bitumen 42.6 cm. high

Ram in a thicket from Tomb 789, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,600 B.C.E. gold, silver, lapis lazuli, copper, shell, red limestone, bitumen 42.6 cm. high

Standard of UR- War & Peace 2600BCE Spoils of War and success in farming, brought considerable wealth to some of the city – states in ancient Sumer Historical Narrative 3 Horizontal bands reads from left to right War side – Donkeys Stripped soldiers, prisoners King figure centralized Carrying booty – victory and celebration

Cylinder Seals

08/31 Warm-Up Find the unique MARCS of the following artwork:

Head of an Akkadian ruler from Ninevah (modern Kuyunjik) Iraq ca. 2,250-2,200 B.C.E. copper 14 3/8 in. high

Akkadian/ Neo Sumerian/ Babylonian & Hittite Art Saragon of Akkad Copper Head – BCE Deliberate mutilation Gouged eyes Slashed ears Naturalism and abstract patterns

Naram- Sin – Godlike sovereignty of Akkaid – Victory stele Grandson of Sargon – Grandson leads his victorious army up the slopes of a wooded mountain Routed enemies fall, die and beg for mercy King is alone and larger Naram -sin scaling ladder to heavens

Victory stele of Naram-Sin from Susa, Iran ca. 2,254-2,218 B.C.E. sandstone 79 in. high

Ziggurat at Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,100 B.C.E. mud brick

Ziggurat (restored) at Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,100 B.C.E. mud brick

Seated statue of Gudea holding temple plan from Girsu (modern Telloh) Iraq ca. 2,100 B.C.E. diorite 29 in. high

Seated – Gudea 2100BCE Seated or standing Dressed in a long garment Diorite

09/06 Timed Writing The visual representation of deities and holy personages is a feature of religious beliefs and practices throughout the world. Select and fully identify two examples of representations of deities or holy personages, in any medium, from two different cultures. Using specific visual evidence, analyze each work in relation to the religious beliefs and practices within its culture. (20 minutes)

Babylonian Art

Ziggurat – 2100BCE Largest Ziggurat of UR- Mud brick solid mass Lad in bitumen – sticky substance binds together Temple stairs Resurgence of Sumer

Stele with code of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran ca. 1,780 B.C.E. basalt 88 in. high

Stele with code of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran ca. 1,780 B.C.E. basalt 88 in. high

Law Code of Hammurabi- 1780BCE Sumer Resurgence – short lived Centralized gov’t formed – Mesopotamia, Babylon. Hammurabi, famous for his conquests and his Law code Penalties for everything Black Basalt stele Hammurabi is with Shamash the sun god Fore shortening- god at a angle

Stele with code of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran ca. 1,780 B.C.E. basalt 88 in. high

Babylon Empire sacked by Hittite Hitittes leave strong city walls behind Very different from the brick arch that was common in Babylonian art Lions = guardians (7 ft) Trend of protecting area with a magical beast or monster( like in Egypt, Greece)

Middle Elamite and Assyrian Art This city is stated in the bible (Elam) Elamites take the Hammurabi and Naram – sins steles, re-erect them in city of Susa – King Ashurbanipal destroys Elamin 641Bce Elamin would rise again as Persian empire

Statue of Queen Napir- Asu – 1350Bce Queen wife of powerful Elamite kings Cost Bronze Curse written on statue Characteristics -cylindrical Strict frontality Firm crossed hand Feminine softness

Assyrian Fortress Palaces -Citadel of Sargon II BCE City walls – fears of outsiders 25 acres- 200 courtyards Giant figures of the king Guard rooms, service quarters, 7 stories?, ramp spiraled around building Built yrs after Temple of Uruk

Lamassu – 720Bce

Winged man -headed bulls ward off kings enemies Monster has 5 legs A quarter view Conceptual not optical High relief, partially in the round

Archers and hunting were depicted in art to display an important part of power and piety Battlefield victories and slaying of wild animals Assyrian archers pursuing enemies – relief from the NW palace of Ashurnaisrpal II – bce

Ashurbanipal Hunting lions – Iraq Ashurnasirpal II Palace BCE Clear story telling King, hunting – Why?

Ishtar Gate

Glazed bricks, molded reliefs of animals Real and imaginary Nebuchadnezzar II – restored Babylon to its rank of a great city Hanging gardens and enormous Ziggurat were created