Art PowerPoints Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 14: ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY
CHAPTER 14: Figure Reference Electrodes
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.2
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.3 Ag|AgCl|Cl - (xM) Reference Electrode
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.4
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.5 Calomel Electrode
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.6
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.18
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.7 Indicator Electrode
CHAPTER 14: Equation Potentiometric Titration
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.8 Potentiometric Titration
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.2
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.3
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.9 Junction Potential
CHAPTER 14: Table 14.1
CHAPTER 14: Table 14.2
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.10
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.20
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.21
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.4
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.22
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.5
CHAPTER 14: Equation pH Measurement with a Glass Electrode
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.11
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.12
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.13
CHAPTER 14: Unnumbered Figure 14.7
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.6
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.14
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.15
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.7
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.16
CHAPTER 14: Table 14.3a
CHAPTER 14: Table 14.3b
Errors in pH Measurement 1.Standards 2.Junction potential 3.Junction potential drift 4.Sodium error 5.Acid error 6.Equilibration time 7.Hydration of glass 8.Temperature 9.Cleaning
CHAPTER 14: Figure Junction potential drift
CHAPTER 14: Figure Acid and sodium (alkaline) error
CHAPTER 14: Figure Not all pH electrodes are glass IrO 2 (s) + H + + e - ↔ IrOOH(s) Can measure pH in a confined area or under extreme conditions Ion-Selective Electrodes 1.Glass membranes 2.Solid-state electrodes 3.Liquid-based electrodes 4.Compound electrodes
CHAPTER 14: Equation 14.9 Selectivity coefficient The smaller the selectivity coefficient, the less the interference by X. Example: valinomycin : selective chelator of K + Response of ion-selective electrode
CHAPTER 14: Equation Using the selectivity coefficient Q: A fluoride ion-selective electrode has a selectivity coefficient of 0.1 for OH -. What will be the change in electrode potential when 1.0 x M F - at pH 5.5 is raised to pH 10.5? Solution At pH 5.5, E = constant – log(1.0 x (0.1)( )) = constant mV At pH 10.5, E = constant – log(1.0 x (0.1)( )) = constant mV Difference = -7.1 mV: quite significant!
CHAPTER 14: Equation Solid-State Electrodes
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.21
CHAPTER 14: Table 14.5
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.22
CHAPTER 14: Equation Liquid-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes A hydrophobic membrane is impregnated with a hydrophobic ion exchanger called an ionophore.
CHAPTER 14: Figure Breakthrough in Ion-Selective Electrode Detection Limit Using a Metal Ion Buffer
CHAPTER 14: Table 14.6
CHAPTER 14: Figure Compound Electrodes
CHAPTER 14: Equation Standard Addition with ISE S = βRT/nF
CHAPTER 14: Equation Metal Ion Buffers By changing the ratio of [MY n-4 ] and [EDTA], [M n+ ] can be determined. – metal ion concentration can be maintained constant.
CHAPTER 14: Figure Solid-State Chemical Sensors
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.32
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.33
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.34
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.35
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.37
CHAPTER 14: Figure 14.36
Homework Problems of Chapter , 9, 11, 16, 26, 33, 35, 40, 42, 45