STORM STATUS & E.Wildner, CERN Acknowledgements to all nuSTORM collaborators arXiv: v1 (FNAL) Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 2

Outline Why nuSTORM Physics The machine The CERN site implementation The CERN Workshop Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 3

From: “Proposed Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics” (Draft) Rapid progress in neutrino oscillation physics, with significant European involvement, has established a strong scientific case for a long-baseline neutrino programme exploring CP violation and the mass hierarchy in the neutrino sector. CERN should develop a neutrino programme to pave the way for a substantial European role in future long-baseline experiments. Europe should explore the possibility of major participation in leading neutrino projects in the US and Japan. How? See next slide… Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 4

STORM Preparation for future powerful facilities e and e cross-sections to fully evaluate the physics reach Technology test-bed Best Ring design, Collection, Injection, extraction Cooling Beam Diagnostics Detectors Etc. Discovery potential, e.g. sterile neutrinos Worldwide collaborative efforts to pave the way to a high precision neutrino/muon program CERN and FNAL can offer the infrastructure for STORM EOI for CERN: submitted to SPSC LOI for FNAL: submitted to PAC Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 5

STORM Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 6

Sterile neutrino search concept: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 7

SuperBIND, baseline sterile detector: Magnetised iron calorimeter: MINOS-like, optimised for nuSTORM beam K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 8

SuperBIND magnetisation Superconducting transmission line: Developed for VLHC and prototyped at FNAL K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 9

SuperBIND performance Cuts-based analysis: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 10

Sterile-neutrino search sensitivity: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 11

Neutrino-nucleus scattering: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 12

nuSTORM and cross section study: nuSTORM event rate is large: Statistical precision high: Can measure double-differential cross sections Event rates for 100 T fiducial mass Neutrino flavour-composition and flux very well known: Storage ring instrumentation will yield flux uncertainty of 1% K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 13

Staged approach possible: Initial measurements exploit existing detector: If at FNAL Minerva, Mini/MicroBOONE are candidates Possible exploitation of LAr detector developed for LAGUNA or ICARUS/NESSiE etc. Implementation of one or more dedicated detectors to make definitive measurements Generic study performed to evaluate performance Detector options: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 14

Existing experiments: Sets the goal Performance of HiResMnu: Assumed performance of generic detector for evaluation of precision of cross section measurement: Flux uncertainty varied: 1% nuSTORM specification 10% typical of conventional beams for comparison Cross section measurement performance: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 15

HiResMnu at nuSTORM: Six-fold improvement in systematic uncertainty compared with “state of the art” Electron-neutrino cross section measurement unique CCQE cross section measurement: K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 16

CCQE cross section measurement: Simulation of “generic detector”: Muon-neutrino CCQE cross section measurement substantially improves “state of the art” Electron-neutrino CCQE measurement unique Evaluation of other channels has begun K.Long Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 17

STORM, the Machine Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 18 Generic Site Dependent

Production, Capture, Injection Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 19 < Target/horn technology is site dependent

Yield optimizations Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 20 From FNAL Proposal Baseline Graphite, research on higher Z elements

Proton absorber Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 21 FNAL Proposal Two Dipoles needed Absorbs 43.5 % of total energy from protons downstream horn Absorber size non negligible: 4.3 meters both in width and height 10.7 meters in length 32 m to absorber Space for Collimators 4.9 T

Injection optics design considerations Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 22 Requirements for circulating muon beam in straight Large betatron functions -> large beam ( ) - > large apertures needed angle distribution depends on energy (Relativistic Cone) Large beta -> narrow divergence acceptance But smaller beta increases the divergence beam emmittance increased by angular divergence from pion decay FNAL Proposal

Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 23 Ao Liu Ensure enough separation of the two beams Α pure defocusing quadrupole for μ becomes a combined-function dipole with two edge effects for π; Α pure sector dipole for μ have one edge effect on π; Extraction of pions end straight section

Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 24 Ao Liu First FODO ring EVER to pursue such a large momentum spread. One turn tracking loss still remain unclear – at re-entering straight. Multi-turn tracking – higher order chromatic effect corrections include high-order dispersion and chromaticity, which raise more requirements for arcs. Even harder: At the same time, phase space emittance is also large. 60 % survival rate FFAG can easier accept beam like this. Magnet costs? Injection(Reference orbit separation might be hard)? Decay Ring

Optics Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 25 Arc Optics Choices FODO Second Order Achromat Triplet Physical aperture: r = 20 cm (Arc) and r = 30 cm (Straight) Momentum Acceptance Chromatic Corrections Needed Detuning from the resonances (up to 4-th order) Corrections with sextupoles A. Bogacz

NuSTORM ring Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 26 Muons recirculated at central momentum: p = 3.8 GeV/c Injection Arc Compact Arc Decay Ring with non parallel straights, ~1 deg. A. Bogacz

NuSTORM ring, DBA Arc Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 27 Double Bend Achromat

NuSTORM ring, FODO/FFAG Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 28

NuSTORM ring, FFAG Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 29

Ionization cooling experiment Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 30 ~ Half the pions decay the rest have to be extracted to absorber Muons in a certain band (red) will be extracted with pions Make degrader: stop pions let muons pass Tuned beam for experiment Same as pions

Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 31 STORM ? Linac4 needed for proton yield Timeline CERN (present baseline)

CERN Configurations Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 32 CERN SPS beam pulse10  sec. FNAL MI beam pulse 2  sec. FNAL configuration

Parameter list, draft Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 33 Energy of p-beam at CERN 100 GeV (possible up to 400 GeV) 100 GeV is the energy chosen for NESSiE Based on SBLNF, LOI January 2013 FNAL p-beam energy 60 GeV-120 GeV Baseline 120 GeV Variable neutrino energy??

Instrumentation (EDMS ) Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 34 L. Söby, CERN Determine the neutrino flux at the near and far end detectors with an absolute precision < 1%, which depends on the number of Neutrinos and their energy distribution. If the circulating muon flux in the storage ring is known on a turn to turn basis together with the orbit and orbit uncertainties (uncertainty on the divergence), then the neutrino flux can be predicted: 1.Circulating muon intensity (on a turn by turn basis) to 0.1% absolute. 2.Mean momentum to 0.1% absolute 3.Width of momentum spread to 1% (FWHM) 4.Tune to 0.01 From the accelerator standpoint, in order to commission and run the storage ring, turn by turn measurements of the following parameters are crucial: 1.Trajectory 2.Tune 3.Beam loss 4.Profile

Instrumentation contd. : Examples Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 35 L. Söby, CERN Intensity, large chamber, challenging precision (0.1%) Position Profile, low intensities, short lifetime (100  s), IPM not feasible, Sc. Screens or SEM strips to be foreseen, wire scanners not possible. Figure : 2m long tank, 60cm diameter, to be adapted. Direct Diode Detection Base-Band Q (3D-BBQ) developed at CERN, by M. Gasior Electrons? Probably not an issue…

Instrumentation contd. Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 36 L. Söby (CERN) Beam ParametersFirst Iteration of needed instruments & cost Ongoing work to refine specifications

Magnets, ongoing study Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 37 Quadrupoles for the straights: resistive technology. No integration constraints (short). The apertures are quite large, so the magnets themselves would be quite bulky to handle the large Ampere-turns without high electric consumption. Arcs: Superconducting magnets. Most of them coil dominated, possibly a few quadrupoles in between could be iron dominated (superferric), also to avoid warm- to-cold transitions. There’s a need of some iterations with the lattice designers, as now some gradients for the quadrupoles are clearly out of reach (even with Nb 3 Sn). Space for sextupoles / orbit correctors (in the arcs)?? Then the large apertures would imply large stored energies per unit length, large forces and significant cross-talk between the magnetic elements. On top of that there’s the whole radiation hard business… Interest in making short arcs, current layout optimistic concerning magnet lengths.. Attilio Milanese, CERN

Use of the SPS Beam Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 38

We need a good baseline Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 39 The detector position for 10 sigma exclusion of the CPT conjugate LSND signal

Example 1 Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 40 Re-used 1.Extraction from SPS 2.Parts of beam line 3.Target station 4.One detector hall Problems and doubts 1.Target Stations difficult to re-use 2.Prepare TS in advance ? 3.Benefits? 4.Pion channel difficult design

Example 2 Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 41 Re-used 1.Extraction from SPS 2.Parts of beam line 3.FNAL Pion injection ok Problems and doubts 1.New Target Station 2.Space for the Ring 3.Somewhat long baseline Detector hall can be moved

Example 3, Ring at SPS level (60m) Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 42 Re-used 1.Extraction from SPS 2.FNAL Pion injection ok 3.SPS caverns The underground facility 1.More space for ring 2.Space in caverns? 3.Background from SPS beam? 4.Muon cooling exp 5.Lower energy experiment Where can we put detector?

Other existing caverns? Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 43

Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 44 Site specificity Joint project/Collaborations: Work-packages to be defined and distributed

Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 45 Timeline TDR

Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 46 Preliminary list of work units from EOI draft Pion transport: The pion transport may be different from the already designed transport channel done for the FNAL implementation due to the chosen νSTORM topology at CERN. Important parts of the work that is already done at FNAL can be reused; Engineering study of pion-capture magnets: The large aperture magnets have to be fully studied, including radiation. Super conduction magnets in the arcs including cryogenic evaluations and radiation studies; Contributions to the design of muon storage ring: The work on a storage ring is ongoing within the νSTORM collaboration (FNAL); Contributions to design of storage ring diagnostics: Specification of needed instrumentation. Studies concerning the possibility to use the beam structure from SPS for beam instrumentation. Influence of electron production from the decay; Participation in the evaluation of a possible muon cooling experiment: A muon cooling experiment could be set up after the straight section that is not used for for neutrino production. A muon cooling ring is a second option; a study is envisaged; Contributions to the design of the neutrino-scattering programme: The European Strategy for Particle Physics has emphasized the importance of studying the physics of the neutrino. The next generation of long- and short-baseline require that the systematic error related to the neutrino- scattering cross sections and modeling of the hadronic final states be mimimised. We request support from PH Division to provide supervision for a CERN Fellow and a research student. The latter would be jointly supervised by one of the institutes within the European collaboration; Site specific infrastructure

What to do for a TDR, CERN Define the CERN specific Work units Evaluate resources for each of them Get resources and funds Find suitable people who can do the necessary research … and go ahead All steps represent workload… !! Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 47

WS at CERN (prepare EOI) Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 48 1.Technology testbed 2.Steriles, crossections 3.The machine 4.Needs for EUROSB 5.SuperBind and other detectors 6.The different sites 7.EOI and follow up Some 30 people registered, more present during presentations

Thank you Apart from nuSTORM collaborators: Rende Steerenberg Brennan Goddard Luigi Scibile Marzio Nessi Luca Bruno and others Tuesday, May 21, 2013Elena Wildner, CERN 49