The Civil War

Secession! South Carolina on Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Who’s Who: United States of America USA USAUnionNorthBlueYankees “Billy Yank” Stars and Stripes: Confederate States of America - CSA ConfederacySouthGrayRebels “Johnny Reb” “Sesesh” Stars and Bars:

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Civil War Field hospital

Comparing the North & the South

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

Immigrants in 1860

Confederate S SS Strategy: 1.“ Offensive Defense” Hang in there, keep fighting, frustrate Union so they will quit Union Civil War Strategy: Anaconda Plan” – Blockade the southern ports 2. D ivide and Conquer – capture control of Mississippi River 3. C apture the Capital – Richmond, Virginia

The “Anaconda” Plan

Inflation in the South

The Leaders of the Confederacy President Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

Casualties on Both Sides

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act

Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas) July, 1861

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Damage on the Deck of the Monitor

War in the East:

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties Over 5000 killed 23,000 casualties Over 5000 killed September 17, 1862

The Emancipation Proclamation Declared slavery ended in the states in rebellion

Emancipation in 1863

African-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54 th Massachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Many people freed themselves

July 1863 “Turning Point of the War” Union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg – Union wins complete control of Mississippi River – south split in 2 Gettysburg – Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania defeated – Confederate Army loses enough men that is can never again engage in “aggressive defense” 54th Massachusetts’ attack on Ft. Wagner demonstrates effectiveness and heroism of “Colored” troops – Union Army begins enlisting thousands of black soldiers

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties

Pickett’s Charge

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in New York City and Ohio

Recruiting Black soldiers in New York City Recruiting Black soldiers in New York City

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) Bloodiest riots in American history – over 100 people died, perhaps 2000 were injured

The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

The Progress of War:

General Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, Fall of 1864 “War is hell!”

Sherman considered “total war” necessary to defeat the South The Battle of Atlanta was a huge victory for the Union because it took out a major Southern railroad terminus "I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton."

“Sherman’s Neckties” Sherman’s Tombstones

Columbia, South Carolina after the visit by Sherman’s Army

The Final Virginia Campaign:

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders his army to Union General Ulysses S. Grant

5 days later, at Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassination

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

WANTED~~!!WANTED~~!!

The Execution

Andrew Johnson Democrat From Tennessee Former Slaveowner Vice President – March 4,1865 to April 10, 1865 President – April 10, 1865 to March 3, 1869