Chapter 10 The Civil War Lesson 3 The Nation Divides

What events caused the nation to break up? Discuss what we learned in Chapters 10.1 and 10.2.

Abraham Lincoln Early life born in Kentucky in 1809 family later moved to the Indian Territory He had very little schooling and taught himself to read and write.

Lincoln Enters Politics The family moved to Illinois Lincoln was 21. Lincoln studied law on his own and became a lawyer – Lincoln was elected to the Illinois Legislature.

GROWING CONCERNS ABOUT SLAVERY 1846 – Lincoln was elected to the United States Congress. His concern about the spread of slavery to the West led him to join the Republican Party which was formed to fight the spread of slavery.

Lincoln’s concerns about slavery led him to run for the United States Senate.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debate 1858 – Lincoln runs for the United State Senate. “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure ……half slave and half free.”

Stephan A. Douglas Douglas was Lincoln’s opponent in the race for the Senate. He thought that each state should make its own laws about slavery. Douglas won the election. The public debates made Lincoln well known. Ma_8

Events Further Divide the Nation John Brown John Brown wanted to stop slavery by force.

HARPERS FERRY Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Brown led a group of men in a raid of a government storehouse filled with guns. Brown planned on giving the guns to enslaved people so they could fight for their freedom. The raid on Harpers Ferry failed. Most of Brown’s men were killed or captured. Brown was tried and hanged for his actions. His raid divided the nation even more. Southerners thought that Brown’s raid as a sign that the North was trying to end slavery.

The Election of 1860 Slavery was the most important issue in the presidential election of Republican Party The Republican party did not want slavery to spread to new states. They nominated Abraham Lincoln. Democratic Party The Democratic Party split into two branches. Northern Democrats wanted states to have their own laws about slavery. They nominated Stephan Douglas. Southern Democrats wanted to protect slavery. They nominated John Breckinridge.

Seceding from the Union The Democratic Party split into northern and southern groups. Southern Democrats said they would secede from, or leave the Union if Lincoln was elected. Both Douglas and Breckinridge split the Democratic vote, and Lincoln was elected president.

The Nation Separates December 1860 – South Carolina secedes from the Union. February Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas also secede from the Union. The new country is called the Confederate States of America. During the Civil War they are known as the Confederacy.

The United States in 1861

The Border States permitted slavery but did not secede.

Jefferson Davis A U.S. Senator from Mississippi is elected President of the Confederate States of America.

VOCABULARY Confederacy The states that left the Union and formed their own national government. Alabama Florida Louisiana Mississippi Texas Border States States that permitted slavery but did not secede from the Union. Delaware Maryland Kentucky Missouri

Vocabulary artillery large mounted guns Civil War A war between people in the same country.

Fort Sumter Location: on an island near Charleston, South Carolina. Fact: When the South formed the Confederacy, they took over federal property including forts and post offices. Fort Sumter remained in Union hands. Question: What do we mean by federal property?

Lincoln deals with Fort Sumter April 1861 Fort Sumter is running low on supplies. President Lincoln sends a letter to the Governor of South Carolina to let them know he is sending an unarmed supply ship to the fort. April 12, The Confederacy attacked Fort Sumter and forces the Union soldiers to surrender.

More Troubles for President Lincoln After the attacked on Fort Sumter Lincoln call for 75,000 American to join the Union army. Four more states secede from the Union. The northwest part of Virginia splits from the rest of the state forming the new state of West Virginia and joins the Union.

Robert E. Lee When Virginia seceded, Union officer Robert E. Lee resigned from the Union army. He refused to fight against his home state. Lee would later be chosen to lead the Southern Army.