Part 1.1

Confederates started taking over Union forts that were on their land Lincoln said secession was illegal Would not send army into the South He would not give up government property Sent a supply ship to restock Fort Sumter Upset the South Carolinians They took it as an act of war against Confederacy Confederates told Fort Sumter to surrender First shots fired upon Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 First shots of the war Attack lasted all day and night No one killed Fort Sumter ran out of ammo Surrendered the next day

Lincoln asked for 75,000 volunteers to join US army VA would stay in union if Lincoln would leave Confederacy alone Thought they had the right to secede VA seceded when they saw Lincoln raise an army Lincoln offered Robert E. Lee command of US army He was against slavery and secession He refused to fight against his home state Lee resigned from US army Led Confederate Army of Virigina Richmond became capitol of Confederacy

Border states Some wanted to secede, some didn’t Missouri Union forces drove out pro-confederacy governor Kentucky Didn’t secede, but didn’t really support either side Lincoln kept Maryland in Union by using the army Arrested pro-southern state legislatures MD couldn’t vote for secession Important, because if MD fell then DC would be surrounded by Confederate land Delaware

North wanted to crush rebellion quickly One union army was led by Gen. George McClellan Quickly drove Lee out of Western Virginia Lincoln told Union Gen. Irvin McDowell to attack Confederates quickly

37,000 Union v. 22,000 Confederates A crowd showed up to watch the battle Picnic blankets Union Gen. McDowell led successful early charge Confederate Gen. Johnston sent for reinforcements Retreated until they reached the reinforcements Confederate Brigadier Gen. Thomas Jackson Held the line when the Union crashed upon it “Stonewall” Jackson Rebel Yell Went on the counter-attack Union lost and retreated Jackson wanted to press attack and capture Washington Johnston said no, that the Confederates weren’t yet ready for that

Lincoln upset at the public defeat Sent 100,000 fresh soldiers Removed McDowell from commanding Union army Army of the Potomac Replaced him with Gen. McClellan Gen. McClellan Trained army Filled it with confidence and pride Loved by his men Lincoln soon became impatient with McClellan He was always hesitant to attack Always said he didn’t have enough men Lincoln told him that he had to go on the offensive McClellan planned to capture Richmond and end the war

Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant Fought in the West Won a string of victories Union Commodore Andrew Foote was in charge of steam-powered gunboats They would attack forts from multiple fronts Fort Donelson Tennessee Union attack couldn’t take it Union besieged it instead Confederates eventually surrendered it From there, the Union went on and took Nashville

Union Generals Grant and Buell were going to join their armies Confederates wanted to attack Grant to stop this Confederates launched a sneak attack on Union Union was unready, just sitting in camp They fled Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Formed defenses on Shiloh hill “Place of Peace” Union killed most of the 400 attacking Confederates Confederates still pushed through and took the hill The sunken road Another place where the Confederates sent round after round of attackers against the Union defenses “The Hornet’s Nest”

The peach orchard Confederates finally broke through and demolished the Union line Confederates lost their general Night came Confederates couldn’t follow up the momentum of the day That night, the Union got reinforcements Confederates couldn’t fight the new Union forces Confederates retreated from the battlefield Considered a victory for Union General Grant

Confederates had no navy Wanted to develop a boat made of iron Thought it could easily beat the wooden boats of the Union They took the U.S.S. Merrimack and made it the C.S.S. Virginia The Virginia would ram into Union boats and then fire into them Would sink them They couldn’t damage the Confederate ship back Union built their own ironclad U.S.S. Monitor The two did battle First ever battle of ironclad ships driven by coal instead of wind Neither could destroy the other Battle ended when Virginia sailed away