Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act The Dred Scott Case

In 1819 the union consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states Admitting any new state, either slave or free, would upset the balance in the senate and touch off a struggle over slavery. Missouri applies to become a state Maine applies for statehood

 Missouri - slave state  Maine - free state  Slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30 ′ line.

 There are now 15 slave states and 15 free states.  Gold is discovered in 1848, people head west  end of 1849 more than 80,000 “forty-niners” lived in California  In 1849 California applied to become a free state.

 Key Points-  California admitted as free state  New Mexico & Utah - territories open to slavery  Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C.  Congress will be prohibited from interfering with the domestic slave trade.  Strengthen Fugitive Slave Law

 Runaways returned to South  Runaways could be jailed without bail or jury trial  If helping a slave escape - fined or jailed  Slaves living in North are terrified  Opposition to law in North  Northerners will not enforce  Out of 10,000 slaves in North, only 299 were returned to South

 Divide the territory in two: Kansas and Nebraska.  Both would be allowed to exercise Popular Sovereignty:  the citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery or not.  Gets rid of Missouri Compromise (36 30)

 People moved to Kansas to help determine free or slave  By 1856, Kansas had two governments – one pro- slavery and the other against.  Kansas became a battleground  By the end of 1856, 200 people had died and millions of dollars worth of property had been destroyed.

 Scott and his master lived in Missouri.  Scott’s master moved to Wisconsin, then moved back to Missouri.  Saying the time he spent in a free territory made him free, Scott sued and the case went to the Supreme Court.

 Scott had no right to sue because he was not a citizen  Slaves are considered property, therefore:property  The United States Government could not prohibit slavery anywhere in the United States.  Southerners Thrilled  Northerners Outraged Roger Taney – Chief Justice of SC that wrote the precedent

 Citing evidence from these compromises and events, describe the tension between Northern and Southern States.  How could the tension between the states have been lessened? What would need to be done in order to avoid war?

 The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a political state  1860 – Lincoln Elected  South Carolina secedes in December 1860  By February 1861: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana had left too  Form the Confederate States of America (Confederacy)

 Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas joined April-June 1861

UNION  Home turf  Thought cotton would provide wealth  More professional soldiers and officers  But…  Few factories  Only 6 million people  Cotton cut off by Union blockade  Some opposed war ▪ West Virginia secedes 1862 CONFEDERACY  More factories and farms  More men [22 million…plus 800,000 immigrants]  More financial ability [3/4 $]  Controlled navy  But…  Not all supported fighting against slavery  Copperheads  Draft riots

 After the short video, you will need to be able to answer the following questions:  Explain the cause(s) of the Civil War.  Explain the factors that helped the Union win the Civil War.  Was the result of the Civil War a foregone conclusion?  Describe some of the turning points in the Civil War. 