Unit 2 Timeline Was Reconstruction Successful?

What to do about slavery?

Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine and Missouri were new states – Maine = Free state – Missouri = Slave state Compromise: Divide the country in half! – 36 o 30’ Parallel dividing line (Mason-Dixon line) North = Free South = Slave ?

1849: Gold Rush in California!

What to do about slavery? Popular Sovereignty!

Compromise of 1850

Bleeding Kansas : mini-Civil War (dress rehearsal) – Pro-slavery forces attacked abolitionists – Abolitionist John Brown massacred slavery forces

Lincoln won the Presidency in 1860 barely

Secession! To secede means to formally withdraw membership, to break away from, and to break all ties On December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded from the United States …and the Civil War began!

The Union & Confederacy (1861)

Then there was a war… US Civil War ( )

Then Lincoln freed the slaves… 1863: Emancipation Proclamation means: freedom This statement said… – Slaves in “rebel” states were freed – Freed slaves could serve in the Union army statement or speech means: statement or speech Union = North Confederacy = South

Then Lincoln freed the slaves… 1863: Emancipation Proclamation means: freedom This statement said… – Slaves in “rebel” states were freed But they didn’t care what Lincoln thought – NOTE: Slaves in border states were NOT freed So…the Emancipation Proclamation didn’t really free any slaves statement or speech means: statement or speech HOWEVER! Made it a war about slavery  Impossible for the Union and Confederacy to negotiate peace. HOWEVER! Made it a war about slavery  Impossible for the Union and Confederacy to negotiate peace.

Why did the North win?

Rebuilding the South Over a million people died in the Civil War Most of the fighting happened in the South After 4 years of fighting against each other, could Northerners and Southerners forgive each other? Could they become part of the same unified nation?

Key Questions 1. How to bring the South back into the Union? 2. How to rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How to protect newly-freed black freedmen?

Freedman’s Bureau (Created: March 1865) What? – Provide food, clothing, medical care, and education (200,000 blacks taught to read) Why? – Freed slaves had no money, education, property, or experience as free individuals Problems? – Corrupt – Detested by South and President Johnson Freedman’s Bureau seen through Southerners’ eyes

3 Reconstruction Plans 1.Abraham Lincoln (President) 2.Andrew Johnson (President) 3.“Radical” Republicans (Congress)

3 Reconstruction Plans 2. Andrew Johnson (President) – Southerner, white supremacist – Did not want to punish the South – Did not support rights or help for freedmen

3 Reconstruction Plans 3. Radical republicans (Congress) – Group of Congressmen – Wanted to “reform” (improve, fix) the South – Did want to punish the South – Did support rights or help for freedmen

What actually happened… Congress passed laws to protect freedmen… – 13 th Amendment says “no slavery” (1864) – 14 th Amendment says slaves are citizens (1868) – 15 th Amendment says all citizens can vote (1870) White and Black members of Congress Black Congressmen

What actually happened… The South avoided following those laws… Black Codes: Strict laws preventing blacks from voting, owning land, advancing in society Examples: – Couldn’t own or rent land; couldn’t own homes – Required to work for whites – Had to become tenant farmers (sharecropping) – To vote: must pass a “literacy test” and pay a tax

Our Question Were African Americans FREE during Reconstruction Were African Americans FREE during Reconstruction

Structured Academic Controversy (SAC) Working in pairs, and then teams, you will explore a question with opposing opinions and try to reach a consensus.  Our Goals for today include… Looking at all the issues, Seeing both sides, & Finding common ground

Procedure ①Prepare with your partner ②Team A Presentation – Team A presents – Restatement (by Pair B) ③Team B Presentation – Team B presents – Restatement (by Pair A) ④Consensus-Building

Discussion Norms We are all abecedarians Active listening Challenge ideas, not persons Try your best to understand other ideas Share the floor: Everyone speaks No disagreeing until consensus-building When in doubt, ask a question

From last time... What we did well: Shared our opinions Found evidence from the documents Coming to an agreement Followed directions

For Today... We can improve by: Listening to each other carefully Staying on topic (avoid distractions) Have a deeper conversation Share more equally (include everyone) Time management Come to an agreement; be more flexible

Group Consensus Use at least two of these On the other hand… But… To the extent that… In some ways… In other ways…

Directions ①Divide into partnerships ②Opposite team draws three cards at random ③EACH ROUND: You have 30 seconds to… 1.Define all three terms 2.Explain how the three terms are connected ★ Score one point for each round that you: – Define and connect all three – Finish within the time limit – Both partners speak each round

Challenge Round! ①Shuffle the cards into a new order ②Draw 3 (or more!) cards ③This time you have 10 seconds to… 1.Explain how the three terms are connected ★ Score one point for each round that you: – Connect all three – Finish within the time limit – Both partners speak

Exit Ticket Reflect on the content from this unit. Think about what was the most important information.  Based on what we learned, Guess the essay question for the unit test.