The American Civil War

Causes of the Civil War Sectionalism States Rights

The War Begins  Abraham Lincoln President of the Union.  Lincoln refused to recognize secession KEEP THE UNION TOGETHER!!!  Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America or the Confederacy (the southern states that seceded).

Fort Sumter the first battle of the war  Union fort in South Carolina  Confederate forces fire on fort.  Union surrenders. The Civil War began.

The South is in REBELLION... I need 75,000 militiamen to report for duty NOW! Lincoln’s reaction to Ft. Sumter

Union Strengths Large population Railroads to carry supplies to soldiers Money to pay for war Factories & workers to build weapons

Confederacy Strengths Strong military leaders Experience using weapons (most soldiers were farmers/hunters) Strong belief of fighting to protect land

Leader of the Union Army Ulysses Grant

Grant’s Plan to Win the War Anaconda Plan 1.Blockade southern ports 2.Attack South along the Mississippi River—Cut the Confederacy into 2 parts 3.Attack and capture Richmond, Virginia— capital of Confederacy

The Leader of the Confederacy Robert E. Lee

Lee’s Plan to Win the War 1.Hold onto southern land 2.Attack, and attack often 3. Wait for the North to get tired of fighting and quit

Major Battles of the Civil War 23,000 casualties/deaths South was cut in two Gained control of Mississippi River 23,000 casualties/deaths

Emancipation Proclamation 1863 Emancipation = freedom Proclamation = public statement President Lincoln freed slaves only in areas controlled by Confederacy Effective January 1, 1863

The Battle of Gettysburg a major turning point in the war. Turning point = an event that marks the beginning of something completely new Union victory 23,000 Union casualties WHY A TURNING POINT? Lee would never attack in the North again 28,000 Confederate casualties Lee lost most of his top leaders

The Gettysburg Address 1863 Lincoln’s speech at the site of the Gettysburg battle. praised Union soldiers Motivated them to keep fighting to win the war. “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men were created equal.... ” Abraham Lincoln

The End of the War Total War = the destruction of food, equipment, and anything of use to soldiers and civilians Sherman’s March to the Sea – Marched his troops through Georgia – Destroyed cities, crops, animals, bridges, and rail lines

Surrender at Appomattox Grant surrounded Lee’s army in Richmond. Lee surrendered to Grant at the small town of Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, on April 9, 1865.

Assassination of Lincoln days after the war ended, John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate supporter, assassinated (murdered) President Lincoln. Lincoln died on April 15, 1865 of a gun shot wound to the head.

The Effects of the War The Civil War 620,000 Americans killed South’s defeat ended slavery Former slaves are left with no homes and jobs Southern economy was destroyed Southern cities, towns and land were destroyed

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