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Chapter Introduction Section 1Living in South Asia Section 2People and Their Environment Chapter Summary & Study Guide Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents

Intro 1

Intro 2 Identify the key economic activities of South Asia.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Discuss the major environmental and social challenges the region faces.

Intro 3 As you read this chapter, use your journal to record information about economic activities and environmental issues in South Asia. Be sure to include details that illustrate each activity or issue.

End of Intro

Section 1-1 Living in South Asia Explain how agriculture provides a living for most of South Asia’s people.  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Describe the role of fisheries and mines in South Asian economies.  Identify where rapid industrial development is taking place in South Asia.  List issues raised by tourism in South Asia.

Section 1-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know cash crop  Living in South Asia jute  green revolution  biomass  cottage industry  ecotourism

Section 1-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Bangalore  Places to Locate Chittagong  Hyderabad Living in South Asia

Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Section 1-5 India’s well-developed transportation system includes over 39,000 miles (62,764 km) of railways, 346 airports, and over two million miles (3,218,000 km) of roads. However, very few individuals own automobiles. People in rural areas also have less access to communications systems than do urban dwellers. Only about 12 percent of India’s population own radios and about 6 percent own television sets.

Section 1-6 Living from the Land Most South Asians are subsistence farmers who grow only what they need for their families. Some South Asians use oxen, water buffalo, yaks, and elephants to pull plows and to haul water and other loads. (pages 611–612)

Section 1-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Living from the Land (cont.) Agricultural Conditions In the Himalayan highlands, farmers practice terrace farming on the steep slopes.  Crops include fruit in Pakistan’s valleys and rice in Bangladesh and along most of South Asia’s rivers. (pages 611–612)

Section 1-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Living from the Land (cont.) Sri Lanka’s Plantations Most of India’s farms are small, but huge tea, rubber, and coconut plantations established by Europeans are located in Sri Lanka.  These plantations take up so much land that Sri Lankans must import much of their food. (pages 611–612)

Section 1-9 Rice is a staple food in this region. What does this fact tell you about the climate? Rice needs an enormous amount of water to grow. The climate must be very wet. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Living from the Land (cont.) (pages 611–612)

Section 1-10 South Asian Crops Jute, cotton, tea, rubber, coconuts, bananas, and rice, grown for export, are the major cash crops of South Asia. Other crops include wheat, millet, spices, peanuts, cashews, and sugarcane. (pages 612–613)

Section 1-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Agricultural Improvements South Asian farmers are beginning to apply new technology to farming.  South Asian Crops (cont.) Modern irrigation, pest control, and fertilization are helping to increase output. (pages 612–613)

Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Green Revolution During the 1960s, mechanized farming using new crop varieties sought to increase and diversify crop yields in developing countries.  As a result, India’s wheat and rice production has increased. South Asian Crops (cont.) (pages 612–613)

Section 1-13 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. South Asian Crops (cont.) (pages 612–613)

Section 1-14 What are the positive and negative results of new farming methods? Positive results are that harvests will be larger, exports will be greater, and income will go up. The negative results are that fuel and fertilizers are very expensive for farmers, fertilizer run-off may affect the environment, and that water pollution may result. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. South Asian Crops (cont.) (pages 612–613)

Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Mining and Fishing Mineral Wealth Iron ore, low-grade coal, bauxite, and copper are mined in India.  (page 613) Graphite is mined in Sri Lanka.  Pakistan and India have some oil reserves.  Pakistan and Bangladesh have rich natural gas reserves.

Section 1-16 Fishing Fish is a staple food in South Asia. Several South Asian countries also export fish.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Mining and Fishing (cont.) The Indian government has begun to support deep-sea fishing on a large scale. (page 613)

Section 1-17 How might India and Pakistan take advantage of their oil reserves? By using these reserves domestically, India and Pakistan might not have to import so much oil. If production increases, they might even be able to export oil and earn income. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Mining and Fishing (cont.) (page 613)

Section 1-18 South Asian Industries Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. India’s Evolving Economy After independence India carried out socialist policies that set economic goals and closely regulated private industry.  (pages 614–616) India’s government also preferred to be economically self-sufficient, discouraging foreign investment.  Short-term success was followed by a slowdown.

Section 1-19 During the 1980s, India began welcoming foreign companies and investors.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asian Industries (cont.) In 1991, India began moving toward a free market economy. (pages 614–616)

Section 1-20 Light Industry Textile production is a major light industry in South Asia.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Thirty-eight million Indians work in the textile industry, producing cotton, silk, and wool fabrics and garments.  South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616) -Many light industries employ workers in their homes.  -These South Asian cottage industries produce fabrics, shoes, jewelry, wood carvings, and pottery.

Section 1-21 South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616) -Mohandas Gandhi, the leader of India’s independence movement, chose the spinning wheel as the symbol of the strength India could draw from its cottage industries.

Section 1-22 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616)

Section 1-23 Heavy Industry Heavy industries in South Asia produce iron, steel, cement, and heavy machinery.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh also run a program in which old ships from all over the world are recycled.  The ships are broken down into pieces, and their parts are melted down and forged into new iron and steel. South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616)

Section 1-24 Service Industries More and more South Asians, especially Indians and Pakistanis, work in service industries such as transportation, banking, and administration.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616) The High-Technology Sector The high-technology industry has grown rapidly in South Asia.  India, for example, is the world’s second- largest exporter of software, earning $5 billion in software trade with the United States in the year 2000.

Section 1-25 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616)

Section 1-26 What are advantages and disadvantages of being a cottage-industry worker? The advantages are that people can work at home, saving the time and money it would take to commute to a job. People can work at their own pace and look after their children while working. The disadvantages are that workers may have trouble getting the employer to pay their wages, and that the work may not pay well even when workers are paid promptly. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. South Asian Industries (cont.) (pages 614–616)

Section 1-27 Tourism Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asian countries draw millions of foreign visitors each year.  (pages 616–617) In recent years, border disputes and ethnic and tribal conflicts have discouraged many tourists from visiting South Asia.  Some countries restrict tourism for environmental or religious reasons.  However, ecotourism, which requires visitors to behave responsibly toward the environment, may be a profitable alternative to such restrictions.

Section 1-28 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Tourism (cont.) (pages 616–617)

Section 1-29 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How might countries strike a balance between welcoming tourists and being sure that their land and customs are respected? Possible answers: Countries might publish educational travel books that give information about the region’s ecosystems and about people’s religion, dress, and customs. Tourism (cont.) (pages 616–617)

Section 1-30 Checking for Understanding __ 1.plant and animal waste used especially as a source of fuel __ 2.tourism based on concern for the environment __ 3.plant fiber used to make string and cloth __ 4.farm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family __ 5.program, begun in the 1960s, to produce higher-yielding, more productive strains of wheat, rice, and other food crops __ 6.a business that employs workers in their homes A.cash crop B.jute C.green revolution D.biomass E.cottage industry F.ecotourism Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. F B A C D Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. E

Section 1-31 Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting Compare and contrast cottage industries and commercial industries in the ways of operation, especially in regard to India’s economy. Both cottage and commercial industries produce consumer goods for export, especially textiles. Cottage industries are small-scale, employing workers in their homes. Commercial industries are large in scale and operate in factories. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 1-32 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Categorizing Information Which of the region’s industries focus on domestic needs, and which focus on exporting? Subsistence farming, fishing, and some manufacturing focus on domestic needs. Commercial agriculture (cash crops), mining, textiles, and high-tech manufacturing focus on exporting.

Section 1-33 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Predicting Consequences How might increased tourism affect life in the region? Increased tourism could bring more income, but may also damage the South Asian environment.

Section 1-34 Analyzing Maps Movement Using this economic activity map, identify areas where nomadic herding is common. Explain why herding is the dominant economic activity in each of these areas. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 1-35 Analyzing Maps Herding is the dominant economic activity in the steppes in western Pakistan and in Pakistan and India near the Great Indian Desert. The steppe climates provide grasses for herds but lack the climate and fertile soil for farming.

Section 1-36 Applying Geography Effects of Physical Geography Think about farming methods in South Asia. Explain how farming methods are influenced by the region’s physical geography. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. South Asian farming methods are suited to the region’s physical geography because of terracing in mountains and highlands areas, traditional or mechanized farming on plains and plantations, and wet farming (rice paddies) in the Ganges Delta and Bangladesh.

Section 1-37 Close Work with a classmate to design pages for a catalog of South Asian exports. Share the completed pages with the class.

End of Section 1

Section 2-1 People and Their Environment Examine how South Asia is handling the complex task of managing its rich natural resources.  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Describe how seasonal weather patterns present challenges to the region’s economy.  Explain how geographic factors impact the political and economic challenges of South Asia’s future.

Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know sustainable development  People and Their Environment poaching  Chipko  nuclear proliferation  Dalits

Section 2-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Narmada River  Places to Locate People and Their Environment Bay of Bengal

Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Section 2-5 In 1998 India had ten nuclear reactors and another four under construction. Pakistan had only one reactor and was constructing a second. Both countries tested nuclear warheads that same year. The threat of nuclear devastation hangs over continuing conflicts between India and Pakistan.

Section 2-6 Managing Natural Resources Wildlife  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 618–621) -South Asia combines high population density with fragile ecosystems.  -South Asian countries try to manage their environments by using their resources at a sustainable rate.  -Deforestation and irrigation have reduced the habitats of elephants, water buffalo, crocodiles, tigers, and other wild animals.  -Governments are creating wildlife reserves and restricting logging in an effort to help preserve the animals.

Section 2-7 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) (pages 618–621)

Section 2-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) Water Much of South Asia’s population has limited access to clean water.  For example, 80 percent of India’s population has no access to sanitation facilities.  Under such conditions, untreated sewage pollutes water supplies that people depend on for normal daily use. (pages 618–621)

Section 2-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) The Narmada River Dilemma South Asian countries have built dams to provide hydroelectricity and to help areas that suffer from drought.  Dams, however, also trap silt and bacteria and often flood the areas where they are built.  Building a dam across India’s Narmada River would irrigate millions of acres of arid land and provide hydroelectric power. (pages 618–621)

Section 2-10 Managing Natural Resources (cont.) However, it also would force the removal of nearby farmers from their villages. (pages 618–621)

Section 2-11 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) (pages 618–621)

Section 2-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Forests Commercial logging has destroyed many of South Asia’s old- growth forests.  Slash-and-burn agriculture also has contributed to the damage.  The loss of forests contributes to higher temperatures, erosion, and loss of agricultural productivity. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) (pages 618–621)

Section 2-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Protecting the Forests Reforestation efforts are under way throughout South Asia.  Governments have banned logging in some areas, and people are encouraged to plant more trees. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) (pages 618–621)

Section 2-14 Is the Narmada River dam a good idea? Why or why not? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answers: No; the consequences to the environment and to human communities are too serious. Yes; it will supply water needed to turn useless land into fertile land, thus increasing the food supply. Managing Natural Resources (cont.) (pages 618–621)

Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Seeking Solutions Scientists are studying ways to combat South Asia’s severe air pollution problem.  (pages 621–622) Meteorologists using modern technology are working to predict the annual monsoons.  Accuracy in predicting the monsoons will help people protect their property and lives from storm damage.

Section 2-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Many Bengali people live on islands made of layers of silt floating on the surface of coastal water.  Seeking Solutions (cont.) In heavy rains these layers break up, and people lose their homes, their possessions, and even their lives.  Studies of this erosion may lead to solutions and help save lives. (pages 621–622)

Section 2-17 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Seeking Solutions (cont.) (pages 621–622)

Section 2-18 How can predicting storms help prevent damage and save lives? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answers: If people know in advance when a storm will hit, they can move out of its way or shore up their property. Seeking Solutions (cont.) (pages 621–622)

Section 2-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asia’s Challenges Conflict in Kashmir Since 1947, India and Pakistan have fought over control of Kashmir.  (pages 622–623) Both countries have now developed nuclear weapons, the cost of which has diverted much-needed funding from meeting human needs.

Section 2-20 Internal Conflicts Sri Lanka has suffered from internal ethnic conflict.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asia’s Challenges (cont.) India also suffers from the legacy of its ancient system of social classes.  People called Dalits, those assigned to the lowest social status, are still denied many opportunities. (pages 622–623)

Section 2-21 Why does an ancient system of social classes survive in India? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answers: People are accustomed to the system. Higher status groups do not want to give up their privileges. The system is closely interwoven with traditional religious beliefs. South Asia’s Challenges (cont.) (pages 622–623)

Section 2-22 Promise and Possibility South Asia has a history of conflict but also one of tolerance for diversity.  (page 623) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asian countries must reconcile their conflicts in order to prosper.

Section 2-23 What does the future hold for South Asia in terms of its internal affairs? Explain. Promise and Possibility (cont.) (page 623)

Section 2-24 Checking for Understanding __ 1.the spreading development of nuclear arms __ 2.illegal hunting of protected animals __ 3.India’s lowest social class __ 4.“tree-hugger” __ 5.technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and natural resources of a given area A.sustainable development B.poaching C.Chipko D.nuclear proliferation E.Dalits Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B E C A D Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

Section 2-25 Critical Thinking Making Decisions Which of the region’s resource issues do you think should receive the most funding and attention? Explain your choice.

Section 2-26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting List examples from your reading to contrast the region’s tolerance for diversity with its ongoing religious and ethnic conflicts. The region’s tolerance for diversity includes Hinduism’s overall attitude toward other religions and South Asia’s diverse cultural mix (such as the many cultures celebrating Diwali). The region’s ongoing religious and ethnic conflicts include Kashmir, Sri Lanka, social class discrimination, and Indian strife between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.

Section 2-27 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Making Inferences In what ways does nuclear proliferation further complicate the already intense conflict in South Asia? Give examples to support your answer. Critical Thinking Nuclear proliferation brings added strains to economic development and regional conflicts, as well as increasing the potential for human and environmental catastrophe.

Section 2-28 Analyzing Maps Location Study the map of countries with nuclear capability below. On which continent are the most nuclear warheads located? The most countries with nuclear capability? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-29 Analyzing Maps Most nuclear warheads are located in Asia or Europe, depending on the location of Russia’s warheads. The most countries with nuclear capability are located in Asia.

Section 2-30 Applying Geography Writing a Letter Imagine you are a local official writing to a South Asian government about a village hard hit by floods or drought. Analyze the environmental impact and suggest ways to resolve the problem.

Section 2-31 Close Write descriptions or draw pictures of one South Asian natural area as it would appear when all environmental threats are removed.

End of Section 2

Chapter Summary 1 Agriculture provides a living for most of South Asia’s people, and it also provides cash crops for export.  Key Points Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. South Asia’s mines and fisheries contribute to its exports.  South Asia is experiencing rapid growth in the high-tech sector and continues to develop light and heavy industries.  Tourism offers both benefits and challenges to the South Asian economy. Section 1: Living in South Asia (pages 611–617)

Chapter Summary 2 Section 2: People and Their Environment (pages 618–623) South Asia faces the complex task of managing its rich and varied natural resources.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Points South Asia is seeking scientific solutions to its environmental challenges.  Conflict in South Asia stems from issues of nationalism, religion, and ethnicity.

End of Chapter Summary

Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. cottage industryDalitsecotourism green revolutionnuclear proliferation sustainable development 1.The spread of nuclear weapons is called ___________________. 2.___________________ is a type of tourism that encourages responsible interaction with the environment. 3.Using resources at a rate that does not deplete them is called _____________________. 4.___________________ are India’s lowest social class. nuclear proliferation Ecotourism sustainable development Dalits

Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 5.People making products such as jewelry or textiles at home are working in a(n) ___________________. 6.The movement to increase food productivity through the use of experimental high-yield crops is called the ___________________. Reviewing Key Terms cottage industry green revolution Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. cottage industryDalitsecotourism green revolutionnuclear proliferation sustainable development

Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What kinds of agricultural methods are used in South Asia? Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in South Asia The different types of agricultural methods include terracing in the mountains and highlands, traditional or mechanized on plains and plantations, and wet farming (paddies) in delta regions.

Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How do mining and fishing contribute to the region’s economy? Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in South Asia Both mining and fishing are sources of export revenue for South Asia.

Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What are the benefits and challenges of tourism to the region today? Reviewing Facts The benefit is increased income, and the challenge is potential environmental damage. Section 1: Living in South Asia

Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What are South Asia’s key natural resources, and where are they located? Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment The resources include forests in Himalayan highlands and Sri Lanka, wildlife throughout the region, and water (mainly in rivers with sources in the Himalaya).

Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What are the conflicting issues over India’s Narmada River dam? Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment Arguments for building the dam include increased irrigation possibilities, and increased access to freshwater. Arguments against the dam are the destruction of traditional villages and damage to the ecosystem.

Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What are the causes and effects of the Kashmir conflict? Reviewing Facts The causes include religious tensions, ethnic strife, nationalism, and class discrimination. The effects are loss of life, high defense spending, displacement of refuges, and diversion of needed social resources. Section 2: People and Their Environment

Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Making Generalizations What would you say is the greatest challenge facing South Asia today? Possible answers: The greatest challenges include lack of access to freshwater, nuclear proliferation, poor education and health care, environmental destruction, and internal and external conflicts.

Chapter Assessment 10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Predicting Consequences What might be the results of ongoing nuclear proliferation in South Asia? Results might include added strains on economic development and regional conflict, and increasing potential for human and environmental catastrophe.

Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the places and physical features of South Asia. __1.Colombo __2.Lahore __3.Narmada River __4.Indus Valley __5.Western Ghats __6.Malabar Coast __7.Vindhya Range __8.Khyber Pass __9.Ganges Plain __10.Great Indian Desert J A D B F E H I G C

Chapter Assessment 12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. If South Asia has so many rivers, why is access to freshwater so limited? Many people live in areas far from rivers. In some monsoon areas, underground springs are only replenished by rains once a year. Water is diverted from human use to commercial irrigation. Sanitation facilities are limited, so rivers and wells are polluted by human waste. Rivers and wells are polluted by industrial waste and runoff from agricultural chemicals.

End of Chapter Assessment

Geography Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to

STP 1 Read this passage and answer the question that follows. If you have trouble answering the question, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices. South Asia is taking several steps to increase food production in the region’s agricultural areas. Steps include increased planting cycles in Bangladesh and the use of technology such as modern irrigation techniques, pest control, soil fertilization, and new varieties of grain that increase crop yields. Farmers in Nepal now plant winter wheat in fields that used to lie fallow after the rice harvest. Research stations in Bhutan have helped farmers establish fruit orchards, and government-funded programs in Sri Lanka have encouraged farmers to grow more food crops.

STP 2 1.Which of the following reasons explains why South Asian countries are changing agricultural methods and using modern technology? FSouth Asia is taking steps to increase manufacturing production. GCountries want to raise more food for their people. HNepal does allow its agricultural fields to lie fallow. JModern irrigation techniques will eliminate the threat of floods. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Test-Taking Tip Never rely on your memory to answer questions derived from a passage. If you refer to the passage before you choose the correct answer, you will be less likely to make careless errors.

FYI 1 Farm Size Child Labor Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

FYI 1a Farm Size In India families divide their land equally among their sons. As generations pass, the inherited farms become smaller and more widely scattered. Some Indian states now set minimum sizes for farms.

FYI 1b Child Labor is common in many South Asian industries, especially textiles and clothing assembly. International trade regulations and the pressure of public opinion have begun to cause changes, but many South Asian families depend for their survival on the wages their children earn.

FYI 2 Sanitation Facilities are available to only 25 percent of Nepal’s people. Each year, about 28,000 Nepalese children die from diseases caused by poor sanitation and polluted water.

World Culture 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

SkillBuilder 1 Predicting Consequences Making educated guesses about the outcome or consequences of an event or situation is useful in almost every area of life. Making good educated guesses is essential for successful decision making, problem solving, and planning.

SkillBuilder 2 Learning the Skill Consequences are the results of actions or choices we make. For example, scoring high on an exam is one likely consequence of studying the night before. Often, predicting consequences is not so straightforward. An action or decision can have far-reaching or unintended consequences. One country’s decision to provide aid to farmers, for instance, could lower the price of produce across an entire region. This would make it more difficult for farmers in other regions to compete. Predicting Consequences

SkillBuilder 3 Follow these steps to help you analyze information in order to predict consequences:  Learning the Skill Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Gather information about the decision or action.  Use your knowledge of history and human behavior to identify what consequences could result.  Analyze each of the consequences by asking: How likely is it that this will occur?  Determine whether this consequence will have other important consequences.  Make a prediction using the information you have gathered. Predicting Consequences

SkillBuilder 4 Practicing the Skill Read and study the passage, and then answer the questions that follow. 1.What trend does the passage describe? 2.Do you think the trend the writer describes is likely to continue? The passage describes India’s high-tech worker shortage. The trend will most likely continue. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answers. Predicting Consequences

SkillBuilder 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answers. Practicing the Skill 3.On what do you base this prediction? 4.What occurrences might have an effect on changing the trend? India lacks resources to keep skilled workers or to train new ones. Increased funding for education, investment in keeping skilled workers from emigrating, and a slowdown in the high-tech industry might have an effect on changing the trend. Read and study the passage, and then answer the questions that follow. Predicting Consequences

SkillBuilder 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer. 5.What are three possible consequences or outcomes of this trend? Practicing the Skill Possibilities include that India will have too few highly skilled workers to profit from growth in high-tech industries, that skilled Indians will continue to find jobs in other countries, and that the economy will lose income from high-tech industries and bear the social costs of unemployment. Read and study the passage, and then answer the questions that follow. Predicting Consequences

SkillBuilder 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer. 6.What are the possible benefits and drawbacks of the solution proposed by economists who study the issue? Practicing the Skill The benefits include more skilled workers through education and who do not emigrate. Also there would be more jobs for unemployed unskilled workers who receive training. The drawbacks include money diverted from other needs such as social welfare and international debt repayment. Read and study the passage, and then answer the questions that follow. Predicting Consequences

Maps and Charts Contents Map Countries with Nuclear Capability, 2001 Chart India’s Agriculture and Food Supply Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

Maps and Charts 1

Maps and Charts 2

Political Map Transparency

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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