ACIDS, BASES, AND pH
NEED TO MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS FOR YOUR QUIZ AND TEST! ELEMENTS H: hydrogen O: oxygen N: nitrogen C: carbon Na: sodium Cl: chlorine K: potassium S: sulfur COMPOUNDS H 2 O: water NaCl: sodium chloride/salt H 2 SO 4 : sulfuric acid HCl: hydrochloric acid NaOH: sodium hydroxide CO 2 : carbon dioxide O 2 : oxygen gas
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Acids and BasesAcids and Bases H 2 O = water H + = hydrogen ion H 3 O + = Hydronium ion H 2 O + H + H 3 O + OH - = hydroxide ion
What is an acid?What is an acid? solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour". The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.
Properties of an AcidProperties of an Acid Tastes Sour Corrosive which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin,and paper Picture from BBC Revision Bites bases_1.shtml bases_1.shtml
Uses of AcidsUses of Acids Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch. Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function. Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics. Car batteries
What is a base?What is a base? solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali.
Properties of a BaseProperties of a Base Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive
Uses of BasesUses of Bases Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties. The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease. Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.
pH p ower of H ydronium measures acidity (from 0-14) and how much H 3 O + /H + is present. The closer to 0, the more the H 3 O + /H + 0 up to 6 = acid 7 = neutral over 7 = base/alkaline Can use indicators to tell the pH ( phenol red, pH paper, litmus, red cabbage)
pH Scale A change of 1 pH unit represents a tenfold change in the acidity of the solution. For example, if one solution has a pH of 1 and a second solution has a pH of 2, the first solution is not twice as acidic as the second— it is ten times more acidic.
Red Cabbage LabRed Cabbage Lab Determine whether a solution is acidic or basic using a natural indicator Red cabbage contains flavin which changes color in the presence of acids and bases
Acid – Base Reactions A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization. An acid- base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.