Acids, Bases, and Salts

What's the chemical produced in the United States?

Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) is used... in the production of nearly all manufactured goods in the making of other chemicals in petroleum refinig processing metals Rayon as the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries.

Intro... Pure water, H2O, is held together by strong covalent bonds, but one out of millions dissociates into H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (hydroxide) ions.

Intro... Pure water, H2O, is held together by strong covalent bonds, but one out of millions dissociates into H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (hydroxide) ions. The acidity or basicity of a solution depends on the relative concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Intro... Pure water, H2O, is held together by strong covalent bonds, but one out of millions dissociates into H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (hydroxide) ions. The acidity or basicity of a solution depends on the relative concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Pure water, with equal concentrations, is NEUTRAL. This corresponds to a pH of 7.

Intro... If a solution has more H+ than OH-, it is acidic, and has a pH < 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid.

Intro... If a solution has more H+ than OH-, it is acidic, and has a pH < 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid. If a solution has more OH- than H+, it is basic, and has a pH > 7. The higher the pH, the stronger the base.

Intro... If a solution has more H+ than OH-, it is acidic, and has a pH < 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid. If a solution has more OH- than H+, it is basic, and has a pH > 7. The higher the pH, the stronger the base. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. pH7 = neutral

Properties of... AcidspH: litmus: taste: reaction: H OH BasespH: litmus: taste: reaction: feel: H OH

Pure Water Acid Base H+ H OH- O-H

Pure Water Acid Base H+ H OH- O-H HCl OH- NaOH

pH simulation Acid/Base simulation

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Dissociate completely:

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl-

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl-

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely:

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2-

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2-

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2- Dissociate completely:

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2- Dissociate completely: NaOH  Na+ + OH-

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Weak Bases Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2- Dissociate completely: NaOH  Na+ + OH-

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Weak Bases Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2- Dissociate completely: NaOH  Na+ + OH- Dissociate incompletely:

Acid and Base Strength Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Weak Bases Dissociate completely: HCl  H+ + Cl- Dissociate incompletely: HC2H3O2  HC2H3O2 + H+ + C2H3O2- Dissociate completely: NaOH  Na+ + OH- Dissociate incompletely: NH4OH  NH4OH + NH4+ + OH-

Acid Base Worksheet

Acid Ternary Binary Strong Weak

Acid Ternary Binary Strong Weak HCl, HBr, HI All others #O's out number #H's by 2 or more All others

Base Weak Strong

Base Weak Strong Have group 1 or 2 metal and an -OH All others

Practice: Acid or base? Strong or weak? NaOH HCl HNO3 H3PO4 H2SO4 H2CO3 LiOH NH4OH HBr H2S HF HI Ca(OH)2 HC2H3O2

A base that dissociates completely in water solution is known as ______ An acid that dissociates completely in water solution is known as ______

Mini Review: What makes an acid an acid? What makes an acid strong? Which binary acids are strong? Which ternary acids are strong? What do acids taste like? What do acids react with? Describe an acid's pH. What happens to litmus in acid? Are acids electrolytes? W hat makes a base a base? What makes an base strong? Which bases are strong? What do bases taste like? What do bases react with? What do bases feel like? Describe a base's pH. What happens to litmus in base? Are bases electolytes?

O H H O H H O H H O H H

O H H O H H O H H O H H H+H+ OH-

O H H O H H O H H O H H H Cl H+H+ H H H H OH-

O H H O H H O H H O H H H Cl H+H+ H+H+ H H H H Cl - OH- H Cl

O H H O H H O H H O H H H+H+ OHNa OHNa OHNa OHNa OHNa OH-

O H H O H H O H H O H H H+H+ OHNa OHNa OHNa OHNa OH- Na+ OHNa OH- OHNa

H Cl H H H H OHNa OHNa OHNa OHNa OHNa O H H O H H O H H O H H H+H+ OH- H Cl OH Na

Neutralization of acids and bases. The products of a neutralization reaction are always ________ and __________. HCl  NaOH  So, in short:

Neutralization Reactions 1. HBr + KOH 2. HCl + LiOH 3. HCl + Ca(OH)2 4. HI + NaOH 5. HCl + LiOH 6. NaOH + HBr 7. LiOH + HI

Neutralization Lab Trash

Thursday: Acid/Base Quiz Neutralization Lab

Name? HCl HNO3 H3PO4 H2SO4 NH3 NaOH

Formula? sodium hydroxide ammonia sulfuric acid phosphoric acid nitric acid hydrochloric acid

Attachments acid-base-solutions_en.jar ph-scale_en.jar