By: Brooke Needham STRESS & ANXIETY DISORDERS

 “stress”  the state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances  “anxiety”  a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome  “anxiety disorder”  a nervous disorder characterized by a state of excessive uneasiness and apprehension, typically with compulsive behavior or panic attacks DISORDERS DEFINING “STRESS” AND “ANXIETY” DISORDERS

 For many people, stress and anxiety come and go with different life events  When symptoms occur frequently or seem out of proportion to the stressor, it then is considered an anxiety disorder  An anxiety disorder occurs due to disruptions of mediators within the Central Nervous System PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

① Generalized Anxiety Disorder ② Panic Disorder ③ Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ④ Social Phobia ⑤ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder COMMON TYPES OF STRESS & ANXIETY DISORDERS

 Genetics  Environmental factors  Brain Chemistry  1. problems in functioning of brain circuits which control and regulate emotions, including fear  2. change in brain structures which control memories that link to stress and strong emotions

 Anxiety Disorders are the #1 mental illness in the United States found in those 18 years or older, according to the National Institute of Mental Health  Common and treatable  Stress and Anxiety Disorders are two times more likely to be found in women than in men EPIDEMIOLOGY

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMSEMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS ①Increased HR ②Nausea ③Sweat ④Shortness of breath ⑤Dizziness ⑥Tremors and/or Twitches ⑦Headaches ⑧Insomnia ⑨Muscle tension ⑩Jumpy and spastic ①Inability to concentrate ②Irritability ③Paranoia ④Restlessness ⑤Apprehension and dread SYMPTOMS

 Four major classes of medications used to treat stress & anxiety disorders:  1. “Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors” (SSRIs)  2. “Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors” (SNRIs)  3. “Benzodiazepines”  4. “Tricyclic Antidepressants” MEDICATIONS

 Helps reduce the feelings of tension, stress and mental fatigue  Natural energy booster  Improves sleep quality  Gives one a sense of achievement  Helps create focus in life and motivation  Reduces the feelings of anger and frustration  Creates a healthy appetite  Improves social life  IT’S FUN BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

 “Pharmacotherapy”  contraindicated for phobic and performance anxiety BECAUSE... ① Interferes with the effectiveness from exposure therapy ② Interferes with the body’s natural ability to respond to fear CONTRAINDICATIONS TO EXERCISE

Mr. Glazier is a 30 year old male battling Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for the past 2 years upon returning from Afghanistan as an active duty infantry soldier. Since the beginning of training, Mr. Glazier picked up the habit of chewing tobacco in order to relieve some stress. He has done [little to no] exercise since returning home due to depressive moods and behaviors. He stands at 6 feet tall weighing in at 200 pounds flat. His blood pressure is 122/82mmHg, Resting Heart Rate is 70 bpm, LDL is 120mg/dL. HDL is 56mg/dL, Total Cholesterol is 160mg/dL and his fasting glucose is 90mg/dL. Mr. Glazier’s is unaware of any family history besides his father suffering from a myocardial infarction at a young age. CASE STUDY

 AGE? (-)  FAMILY HISTORY? (+)  SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE? (+)  CIGARETTE SMOKING? (+)  HYPERTENSION? (-)  DYSLIPIDEMIA? (-)  PREDIABETIC? (-)  OBESITY? (-) “MODERATE RISK” RISK STRATIFICATION

Training Method FrequencyIntensityTimeType Aerobic Training 3-5 days/week40%-80% HRR minutesBiking, walking, light jogging and dancing Resistance Training 2-3 days/weekModerate intensity with 8-12 reps at 50-60% of 1 RM 2-3 sets per exercise with a rest period of 1-2 minutes between sets Free weights & machines Flexibility5-7 days/weekLight stretch with little to no discomfort 30 second hold for each stretch lasting between 5-15 minutes Static stretching while incorporating some yoga EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION {FOR MR. GLAZIER}

CONCLUSION...

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