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Objectives Understand the differences between BIOS and UEFI system firmware Use the system setup program to configure basic settings Identify appropriate partition formats and file systems for installing a given operating system 1.4 System Setup 40

BIOS and UEFI System Firmware BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) System firmware setup program o Press key during boot (Del, F1, F2, F10) 1.4 System Setup 40

Navigating Setup Programs 1.4 System Setup 41

Configuring Boot Properties 1.4 System Setup 42

Upgrading Firmware 1.4 System Setup 44

Low-level format o Tracks and sectors Partitioning o Logically separate storage areas on a hard disk o Master Boot Record versus GUI (Globally Unique Identifier) Partition Table (GPT) style partitions Partitions versus volumes Disk Partitions 1.4 System Setup 46

MBR versus GPT MBR-style partitioning o Up to 4 primary partitions allowed o Active partition o Extended partition / logical drives o System and boot partition GPT-style partitioning o Convert blank disk to GPT- style o Used when installing 64-bit Windows to UEFI-based PC o Removes practical limits on number and size of partitions o Protective MBR 1.4 System Setup 46

Boot Process BIOS o Locate Master Boot Record on boot device o MBR passes location of boot sector or Volume Boot Record (VBR) – the “System Reserved” partition by default o Boot manager (bootmgr.exe) loaded and scans Boot Configuration Data (BCD) o Pass control to boot loader (winload.exe) in the system root of the boot partition UEFI o Read the GUID Partition Table (GPT) on boot device o GPT identifies EFI System Partition o Boot manager (bootmgfw.efi) loaded and scans Boot Configuration Data (BCD) o Pass control to boot loader (winload.efi) in the system root of the boot partition Power On Self Test (POST) Kernel, HAL, and boot drivers loaded Kernel initialized and processes started – winlogon waits for user to authenticate 1.4 System Setup 47

GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) LILO (Linux Loader) Linux Bootloaders 1.4 System Setup 48

File System Choices NTFS (Windows) FAT / FAT32 *nix File Systems o ext o ReiserFS o UFS ZFS Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) 1.4 System Setup 48

Windows must be installed to an NTFS partition 64-bit addressing Features o Recovery (journaling) o Security (Discretionary Access Control, Encryption, Quotas) o Compression o Indexing o Dynamic Disks o Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) o Mount points NTFS (New Technology File System) 1.4 System Setup 48

FAT (File Allocation Table) o 16-bit and 32-bit addressing o FAT max 4 GB o FAT32 max 32 GB o Supported by most OS FAT / FAT System Setup 49

ext o Mainstream Linux choice o ext2 – legacy version o ext3 – supports journaling o ext4 – performance enhancements ReiserFS o Alternative Linux file system UNIX File System (UFS) o Default for UNIX o Proprietary extensions ZFS o Associated with Solaris but available for other UNIX and Linux distributions Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) o Used with vmware’s vSphere virtualization suite Other File System Choices 1.4 System Setup 50

Review Understand the differences between BIOS and UEFI system firmware Use the system setup program to configure basic settings Identify appropriate partition formats and file systems for installing a given operating system 1.4 System Setup 52

Labs Lab 1 / Preparing the Server 1.4 System Setup