Name : Mr. Krutik J Patel Enrollment no. : Cast Iron Guided By : Mr.Umang Patel Material Science and Metallurgy Department : Mechanical [B]

Iron-Iron Carbide diagram Liquid Austenite  + Fe 3 C   + L  +  L + Fe 3 C 723˚C 910˚C 0%0.8%~2% ~3%   + Fe 3 C Carbon (wt) % Temp (C) Cast Iron Steel 6.67 % Fe 3 C

Cast Iron Cast Iron is generally defined as an alloy of Iron with 2 to 4.5% Carbon, and usually with more than 0.1% Silicon The three main constituents are Iron Carbon Silicone Cast iron containing more of these materials than steel.

Types of Cast Iron 1)-Grey cast iron – carbon present in form of graphite 2)-White cast iron – carbon present in form of carbides 3)-Ductile cast iron – carbon present in form of nodular, spheroidal graphite 4)-Malleable cast iron – Graphite in module(knot/lump) form

Grey Cast Iron Iron-carbon alloys containing flakes of graphite embedded in steel matrix, which show a grey-blackish coloured fracture due to graphite’—the free foam of carbon, are called grey cast irons. The strength of grey iron depends on the strength of steel matrix and the size and character of graphite flakes in it. Low cost of production. Microstructure of Gray Cast Iron

Properties of grey cast iron 1.Low melting point: (1150°—1250°C) 2.Cast irons have excellent fluidity and take good mould-impressions easily. 3.High compressive strength. 4.High thermal conductivity, and have ability to withstand thermal shocks. 5.Good resistance to atmospheric corrosion due to high silicon and perhaps other factors, than mild steels. 6.High damping capacity -due to the graphite flakes, which breaks the continuity of the metallic matrix, and thus, vibrations are not allowed to transfer from one side of flake to other.

Applications Internal Combustion Engine Pump Housings Valve Bodies Electrical Boxes Cast iron cookware Disc brake Internal combustion engine Pump Housings Disc brakeGrey Cast iron cookware Decorative pattern

White Cast Iron No graphite, because carbon forms Fe3C or more complex carbides Large amount of carbide phases in the form of flakes, surrounded by a matrix of Pearlite The absence of graphite causes white iron's light-colored appearance Microstructure of White Cast Iron

Properties Hard and wear resistant. Tensile strength to psi.(per square inch) Compressive strength to Limitations Because of extreme brittleness and lack of machinability, white irons find limited engineering applications.

Applications Liners For Cement Mixers, Ball Mills, Certain Types Of Drawing Dies Extrusion Nozzles Liners For Cement Mixers Ball Mills Nozzles Decorated furniture

Ductile (nodule ) Cast Iron In ductile irons, the graphite is in the form of spherical nodules thus prevent the creation of cracks and providing ductility. Properties Strength higher than grey cast iron. Low cost Microstructure of Ductile Iron

Applications Pipe and pipe fittings Major industrial applications include Highway diesel trucks, Agricultural tractors, Oil well pumps. Crankshafts, Front wheel spindle supports, Steering knuckles, Disc brake callipers used for water and sewer lines. Pipes Machinery products: oil well pumps Crankshafts in motor engineDisc brake callipers

Malleable Cast Iron Malleable iron is produced by heat treatment of white cast iron. The properties of malleable cast iron are more like mild steel. Graphite in module(knot/lump) form. Graphite nodules are irregular clusters Microstructure of Malleable Iron Properties Similar to ductile iron Good shock resistance Good ductility

Applications Malleable iron is better for thinner castings Vehicle components Power trains, frames, suspensions and wheels Steering components, transmission and differential parts, connecting rods Electrical fittings Pipe fittings Railway components Rail tracksPipe fittingswheels

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