英语词汇学课程课件 课件名称：词汇的基本知识 制作人：孙红梅、寻阳 单位：曲阜师范大学外国语学院

Chapter I The basic concepts of words and vocabulary words and vocabulary

 Objectives: Introduce a definition of a word; Put forward the three main principles of lexical classification; Elaborate on the features of basic word stock and non- basic vocabulary.  Teaching focus: Definition of a word Definition of vocabulary Classification of words Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary Content words and functional words Native words and borrowed words

1.1 What is a word? A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能， 能独立运用的最小的语言单位。

1.2 What is vocabulary?  The total number of the words in a language.  All the words used in a particular historical period.  All the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person.

1.3 Sound and meaning What’s the relationship between sound and meaning? Arbitrary Conventional

1.4 Sound and form What causes the differences between sound and form?  More morphemes than letters,  Stabilization of spelling,  Deliberate change of spelling by early, scribes for easier recognition,  Borrowing of foreign words.

1.5 Classification of words Criterion : by use frequency Basic word stock Non-basic wocabulary Criterion : by notion Content words Functional words Criterion : by use frequency Native words Borrowed words

1.Basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇

Basic word stock 5 basic features of the basic word stock

All national character 全民性 Stability 稳定性 Productivity 能产性 Polysemy 多义性 Collocability 搭配能力强

Non-basic vocabulary 1)Terminology 专业术语 2)Jargon 行话 3)Slang 俚语 4)Argot 隐语 5)Dialectal words 方言词 6)Archaisms 古语词 7)Neologisms 新词语

2. Content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 Content words/Notional words/Lexical words Constitute the main body of the English vocabulary, numerous and the number is ever growing

Functional words/Empty/form words/Grammatical words Constitute a very small number of the vocabulary; stable

3. Native words and borrowed words 本族语词和外来语词 Native words / Angle-Saxon words The features of native words

Borrowed words/ loan words / borrowings Denizens 同化词 Aliens 非同化词 Translation-loans 译借词 Semantic loans 语义借词

Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. 同化词指早期借入, 其拼写和读音完全符 合本族语词规范的借词。

Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. 非同化词指拼写和读音保持原样的借词。

Translation loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language. 翻译借词是利用英语中现有的语言材料 但模仿另一种语言的模式而构成的词。

Semantic loans are words borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language. 语义借词指受另一种语言中相关词语的 影响而借进新义的词。

Assignment Answer the following questions: 1.What is a word? 2.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock? 3.What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?

The End Thank you!