6/5/2016 “ It is curious…curious that physical courage should be so common in the world, and moral courage so rare.” -Mark Twain

6/5/2016 Why are we studying German History in English class?

6/5/ To gain insight about Hitler’s actions. 2. It never hurts to hear things twice. 3. In order to prevent this from happening again.

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Cabbala/Kabbalah Literally translated Cabbala means 'Received,’ and 'handed down.' Cabbala is based on a mystical method of interpreting Scripture developed by rabbis, reaching its peak during the 12th and 13th centuries, influencing certain medieval and Renaissance Christian thinkers.

Hasidism From Hebrew ‘Hasid’ meaning "pious one“. The practice of a 12 th and 13 th century Jewish religious movement in Germany that combined severe religious manner with overtones of mysticism. It sought favor with the common people, who had grown dissatisfied with more formal ritualism and had turned their attention to developing a personal spiritual life, as reflected in the movement's great work, Sefer Hasidim

Kaddish A classic Jewish prayer consisting of three or six verses, recited at specified points during each of the three daily services and on certain other occasions.

Maimonides A major medieval rabbi, physician, scientist, and philosopher, known by the acronym RaMBaM (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon). Born in Spain, Maimonides fled from persecution to Morocco and finally settled in Egypt. He was one of the major theologians of Judaism.

Passover (Pesach) The major Jewish spring holiday also known as hag hamatzot (festival of unleavened bread) commemorating the Exodus or deliverance of the Hebrew people from Egypt. The festival lasts eight days, during which Jews refrain from eating all leavened foods and products. A special ritual meal called the Seder is prepared, and a traditional narrative called the Haggadah, supplemented by hymns and songs, marks the event.

Pentecost A festival, that commemorates God's giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses.

Phylactries Two small leather boxes, each containing strips of parchment inscribed with quotations from the Hebrew Scriptures, one of which is strapped to the forehead and the other to the left arm; traditionally worn by Jewish men during morning worship, except on the Sabbath and holidays.

Rabbi A person trained in Jewish law, ritual, and tradition and ordained for leadership of a Jewish congregation, especially one serving as chief religious official of a synagogue.

Rosh Hashanah A Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year

Synagogue In Judaism, a house of worship and learning; also, the congregation that meets there.

Talmud The collection of Jewish law and tradition consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara.

Torah The law on which Judaism is founded (torah is Hebrew for “law”). This law is contained in the first five books of the Bible. Torah can also refer to the entire body of Jewish law and wisdom, including what is contained in oral tradition.

Yom Kippur In Judaism, the Day of Atonement, the most important religious holiday; a day of fasting to atone for sins. It comes in autumn.

Zionism The belief that Jews should have their own nation; Jewish nationalism. Zionism gained much support among Jews and others in the early twentieth century, and the hoped-for nation was established in the late 1940s in Palestine, as the state of Israel.

Zohar A medieval mystical work, consisting chiefly of interpretations of and commentaries on the Pentateuch (first five books of the Old Testament): the definitive work of Jewish Cabbala.

MAJOR EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE HOLOCAUST 6/5/2016

The Rise of the Nazi Party 6/5/

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Signing the Treaty of Versailles 6/5/2016

Occurred in June 1919 – marked the formal conclusion of the war between Germany and the Entente Powers (to end WWI) Was abhorred by the German people because it was written entirely by the victors Required Germany to relinquish it territories, including prized colonies in Africa – Lost control of coal mines in Africa as well ($$$$) Dismantled German navy, and limited it’s army to 100,000 men Reparations in upwards of $31 billion were exacted “War Guilt Clause” - Article #231 of the treaty stipulated that Germany must accept complete and total responsibility of the war – Embarrassment and shame – Many felt the German government had stabbed it’s people in the back Set the stage for people to want change! 6/5/2016 What was the Treaty of Versailles?

6/5/2016 Young Hitler -Grew up in wealthy Vienna, Austria, but was poor as a child -Studied antisemitic literature as a youth and formed the notion that Jewish people and the working class were the reasons behind society’s rejection of aristocratic and artistic -Wanted to be a painter, but was unable to pass entrance exams

Hitler was sentenced to prison in 1924 for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch, which was the Nazi Party’s unsuccessful attempt to take over the German government in November It was during this prison sentence that he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf. 6/5/2016 Hitler in Prison

Mein Kampf First published in 1925, Mein Kampf, translated as My Struggle, was Hitler’s masterpiece – it detailed Hitler’s idea about races, religions, and the idea of the “perfect race.” The book detailed Hitler’s ideas about his plans for a “master race” and how under his leadership, he would help the Germans eliminate the Jewish people. Even though the Nazi Party was a still a minority in 1932, the started gaining power. They soon became the largest political party and gained control of Germany. The book glorified the Nazi ideology, and by 1945, it had sold more than 6 million copies. 6/5/2016

The Great Depression Strikes U.S.A. and Germany

Defeated Hitler… Paul von Hindenburg defeated Hitler in a run-off election in 1932 at this point, it was clear that no German government would function without Nazi support, but Hitler was not elected January 30, 1933, Hindenburg reluctantly appoints Hitler Chancellor of Germany, even though he despised him It was with this appointment that the Nazi Party gained significant support and power in Germany 6/5/2016 Paul von Hindenburg

6/5/2016 Hitler Runs for President

6/5/2016 Chancellor of Germany

Nazification of Germany /5/2016

The Reichstag Fire February – Reichstag Building is set afire – Hitler accuses a Dutch communist of arson and subsequently suspends all civil liberties. Many people believed that the Nazis set the fires themselves, using it as a pretext to crack down on their political enemies. 6/5/2016

The Reichstag Fire was simply the beginning… Over the next two decades, Hitler systematically eliminated the civil rights and liberties of not only one group of people, but of entire nations. 6/5/2016

The First Political Prisoners

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