Nutrition 10 Today Thurs. May 1 – Topic Finish Protein – Protein Calorie Estimate assignment due Tues. May 17 – Topic: Vitamins/Minerals – Diet Assignment due

Pondering Protein… 1. The code in your DNA tells the body how to make carbs, proteins or fats? 2. In what form is protein absorbed? 3. Are protein supplements needed to build muscle? 4. What element does protein contain that makes it unique among the essential nutrients? 5. Why is protein a NON-preferred fuel? 6. When is protein used to make glucose for the body?

Illustration 15.1, p Protein Just One of the Essential Nutrients

Illustration 15.1, p Take it off its pedestal! Balance Balance it with other nutrients

Illustration 15.1, p Take it off its pedestal! Balance it with other nutrients

Illustration 15.1, p Take it off its pedestal! Balance it with other nutrients Where do we find most protein? Meat, cheese, eggs, veg (especially beans), seeds, nuts, grains, dairy

Protein is…… A building material and non-preferred fuel Rarely found in pure form (e.g. egg whites, some supplements) Made of 20 common amino acids All contain nitrogen (as NH 2 ) 9 essential (Essential AA) 11 non-essential (Non Essential AA)

Amino Acids  Protein Chains of AAs make up proteins AA type/order determine protein function DNA The blueprint for type/order of AAs It codes for ALL body proteins DNA segment ‘turned-on’, determines cell function Gene= DNA segment that codes for specific protein i.e. Insulin, glucagon, thyroxine, enzymes, etc.

on the Job (as a builder) Protein on the Job (as a builder) Some Hormones (insulin) Enzymes, antibodies Transporter molecules Water balance (Hemoglobin)

Protein on the Job (as a builder) Some Hormones (insulin) Enzymes, antibodies Transporters (e.g. hemoglobin) Water balance Part of muscles and organs Non-preferred jobs of protein make ATP (nrg) and glucose

When necessary, protein used to meet body energy or glucose needs, before used to build body proteins!!! Top priorities of body: 1. Energy 2. Glucose

What happens with excess dietary protein? Amino group (NH 2 ) must be excreted in urine Increase need for water Extra kidney work Remainder of some AA’s convert to Glucose or nrg (ATP), if needed Body fat, if it’s extra calories

Body Energy Stores 70 kg/154 lb male Fuel Type Body fat 10% 20% Glucose, blood calories Glycogen liver cal muscle cal Fat 63, ,000 cal Protein NOT STORED

How much protein do you need? Protein need (grams) is ~ half body weight in pounds. Typical US diet has excessive protein. Globally, this is NOT the case!

Malnutrition-‘bad’ nutrition Primary cause  poverty In developed world, problem is over-nutrition In developing world problem is under-nutritionunder-nutrition Kwashiorkor Marasmus

Kwashiorkor Bloated belly, ankles, feet=edema Edema-abnormal water storage Inefficient use of protein and fat

Marasmus Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) Severe ‘wasting’ disease Developing countries…starvation Developed countries…..anorexic, cancer patients, end stage AIDS Emaciated appearance Same consequences … different cause!

Pondering Protein… 1. The code in your DNA tells the body how to make carbs, proteins or fats? 2. In what form is protein absorbed? 3. Are protein supplements needed to build muscle? 4. What element does protein contain that makes it unique among the essential nutrients? 5. Why is protein a NON-preferred fuel? 6. When is protein used to make glucose for the body?