Open Data and Open Knowledge as Catalysts for Growth and Social Changes Anne Kauhanen-Simanainen

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Open Data – a Milestone in History towards Open Government in Finland  The World´s First Freedom of Information Act in Sweden-Finland in 1766  Freedom of writing and the press  The abolishment of political censorship and the gaining of public access to government documents  The principle of publicity has since remained central in the Nordic countries  (the US Freedom of Information Act in 1966)  The Act on the Openness of Government Activities (The right to information on government activities) in 1999  The principle is transparency  The right of the person whose interest or right is in question is more extensive than that of any other party  Restrictions on access: to preparatory information, secrecy only on the basis of an Act  The authorities are obliged to inform the citizens of their activities 2 Antti Chydenius (

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Shaping Open Data Policy in Finland  The Principle of joint use of information since 1990s  Several working groups by ministries have supplied their proposals (on technical issues, availability, charging policy) High Level Policy Commitment  2011 the Finnish Government issued a resolution on enhancing the availability and the re-use of the digital information assets of the public sector. This resolution addresses open data policy, technical and legal means of opening public sector data and measures to stimulate the development on applications and services built on open data resources  Improving the PSI availability and reuse is included as a strategic measure in the Government´s program to develop possibilities for new business and innovative services  2012 Public Sector ICT –strategy: Open Government Data one of the main goals  2013 Membership in the Open Governmen Partnership Intitiative. 3

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Answer to the question Value Meaning Content Quality Reliability Intelligibility Usability Findability Interoperability Access, availability Re-use Services, decisions and knowledge from Open Data 4 Legislation Data protection Data security Free-of-charge Machine-readable Terms-of-use Metadata Data Catalogues Metadata services Data models Interfaces Manner of resentation Concepts Language, concepts Communication Visualisation CurrencyCorrectness Open data Open information Open knowledge Open data Open information Open knowledge

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland The Principles and Processes on Opening of the Public Sector Data  The public sector data will be opened stage by stage in a systematic way  The principle: The public sector data should, in principle, be provided free of charge  A strong tool: Assessment of the budgetary impact of opening the data is done in the context of the frame budget formulation procedure (for four years). The ministries are instructed to develop their plans to open data as a part of the information architecture work.  Adapting the legislation and practices to comply with the PSI Directive and the Open Data Strategy 5

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland The Targets of the Open Data Policy  Positive Economic Impact on the society as a whole: new business, more tax income, new innovative services  Increasing Democracy and Promoting Transparency in the society  Improving the Data Quality and the Efficiency of the Public Sector  Versatile sources for Research and Education 6

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Creating Value for data and information  Improving government accountability, transparency, responsiveness and democratic control  promoting citizens self-empowerment, social participation and engagement  building the next generation of empowered civil servants  fostering innovation, efficiency and effectiveness in government services  creating value for the wider economy Ubaldi, B. (2013), “Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives”, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 22, OECD Publishing.

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Open data and economic growth, research and estimations  EU Commission 2011:  opening public data could bring a total benefit of € 140 billion annually  Research Institute of the Finnish Economy ETLA 2012:  in countries which offer free geodata, the growth of companies using such data has been 15% higher than elsewhere (in two years)

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland An example: geodata  After the National Land Survey had stopped charging the users for the service in 2012, the use of digital geodata multiplied over 50 times in three months, the first application was developed in a month  small companies have employed people to develop applications – new jobs  active developers and skilled companies

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Innovative applications For example the Stormwind Simulator  watch?v=vQEjlqnP1sA watch?v=vQEjlqnP1sA  the winner of the Apps4Finland 2013  Finnish boat simulator, for navigation training and mission simulation using Finnish Open Data  You can make a trip in the Finnish Archipelago

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Open data and the social changes  it takes more time to see the impact on the social changes and culture  more communication and collaboration between the civil servants, the developers and the citizens, new networks, new channels  circumstances for better decision-making  feedback mechanisms  a new kind of an information and knowledge culture and practices

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland What has been done? Some examples  14 Helsinki Region cities and municipalities have an open data portal since 2011www.hri.fi  Topographic data made available on 1 May 2012: The National Land Survey (NLS) has made its topographic datasets available to the public and to companies to be used freely and free of charge.  The weather and climate data by the Finnish Meteorological Institute since 2013  Several Environmental Information Resources since 2008  Digitraffic, real time and historical information and data about the traffic on the Finnish main roads. The service is provided by the Finnish Transport Agency, and it is addressed for organisations developing information services or working with traffic management and planning  Several Ministries and government agencies have supported the yearly open data applications and ideas competition Apps4Finland (  Research: Several ministries have funded economic and legal studies on policy implications on opening public sector data, i.a. the Research Institute of Finnish Economy (ETLA) studies  A research project on linked data by Aalto University. 12

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Opening the Data of the Public Sector will go on: Open Knowledge Program  Developing the practices, such as the general terms of use and licences (Public Administration Recommendation is in the making)  Clarifying the present varying practices of the charging according to the principles  The Public Sector agencies are asked and guided to evaluate their information resources from the point of view of the Open Data as a part of their information architecture and the frame budget formulation procedure  Developing structures and Information Architecture, Common Metadata model for Open Data, Common Public Sector data portal and a test laboratory, Supporting services and training  Developing methods to monitor the development and the impacts of Open Data 13

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland 14 Open Data Program The Principles and Criteria Legislation Economy Instructions Promoting the Re-use of Data The Process to Open Data Structures, Services and Practicies to help the re-use of Open Data Education and Training Research, Development and Innovations Developing Methods to evaluate and monitor Benefits and Risks National Cooperation and Collaboration

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Open Data Policy is based on Collaboration and Learning  Collaboration by ministries  Activities by agencies: state, municipalities…  Competitions, Apps4Finland –contest  Research, universities and schools  Private companies  Open Data Communities, NGOs 15

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Services Users Re-users of GOD Data Resources Government Open Data 16 National Open Data Portal EU Open Data Portal The Government Open Data Services Community Open Data Business Open Data... Open Data YhteisötKansalaisetYritykset Developers of Services AggregatorsInterpretersValue Creators... Regional Open Data Portals TreHkiOulu... Thematic Open Data Portals TrafficGeo... TutkijatViranomaiset Developers of Applications Trensparency and Democracy Markets and Innovations Government Efficiency

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland 17 Systematic Releasing of Data Releasing Data Common Architecture Strategy Legislation Practical Arrangements Publicity Data protection Privacy IPR Data Security Goals Stages Evaluation Interoperability, Data and Information Resources, Information Architecture

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Challenges  Building the open data and information infrastructure, which should be highly standardized and interoperable and at the same time highly flexible to respond to user needs  Tension between control and innovation (issues relating to legislation, quality of information, economic circumstances, attitudes)  Building Knowledge Culture 18

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland Open data policy and strategy to develop Finland towards a knowledge society 19 Public data, information and knowledge: open, easily accessible and efficiently for use by citizens, companies, public sector services, decision making and the society. Open Government and sharing of data, information and knowledge. Open, interoperable and standardized information infrastructure and information management

pp.kk.vvvv Osasto Finland 20 Knowledge has always been behind the Finnish Success Stories Will there be a new success story about creating value for data and knowledge In ? The birth of a new nation, 19th century The re-building after the second World War In the 1950s Nokia Story The beginning of the 21st century Literacy The beginning of the 20th century

Thank You! Anne Kauhanen-Simanainen anne.kauhanen-simanainen(at)vm.fi Public Sector ICT