Goal 9 Terms

“: Republican slogan saying they wanted to forget the war and get back to normal Return to Normalcy : government keeps its hands off business; no regulation of economy laissez-faire : Sec. of Interior who was involved in scandal mentioned next Albert Fall : convicted of leasing Oil Reserves belonging to the US govt to private companies Teapot Dome scandal : passed in 1930 setting the tariff rate at its highest level ever; led to less trade and hurt US economy Hawley-Smoot Tariff : buying stock in the hopes it will go up in value so you can sell it Speculation : giving money directly to people to end suffering Direct relief : farming and industry had done much of this and led to greater production with less workforce Mechanization

: buying stock using loan from the stock broker Buying on the margin : October 29, 1929; day the stock market crashed “Black Tuesday” : belief that it was the individual’s job to take care of himself and not rely on government help; Hoover and Republicans mentioned this a lot Rugged individualism : allowing people to borrow money easily so more sales can be made; is dangerous because payments may not be made because of so much money borrowed Easy credit : allowing people to buy things and make payments spread out over a long period of time Installment plan : problem faced by many farms leading to lower crop prices; Overproduction : nickname for shantytowns set up by people who lost their homes during the Depression Hoovervilles : opened in many cities to feed the hungry Soup kitchens Breadlines: see soup kitchens

: major means for getting news and entertainment in the home; similar to the television in later times; Radio Market/advertising: : type of music which became popular in the 20s; Jazz : majority of films were silent with words written for dialogue and piano or organ playing in the theatre for the soundtrack Silent and “talkies” films : the first motion picture with sound or “talkie”; starred Al Jolson “The Jazz Singer” : nickname for the authors of the 20s who were somewhat pessimistic Lost Generation : one of best known African American authors of the time period known as the Harlem Renaissance; poet; A Negro Speaks of Rivers Langston Hughes : jazz musician known as Satchmo; known for trumpet, and scat singing Louis Armstrong

: wrote The Great Gatsby and other novels about the roaring 20s F. Scott Fitzgerald : won Nobel Prize for Literature for For Whom the Bell Tolls; the Old Man and the Sea; A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway : another prize winning author of time period; Babbit; Main Street Sinclair Lewis : illegal saloons operating during Prohibition Speakeasies : sellers of illegal liquor during Prohibition Bootleggers : great baseball star of the period; made the home run part of baseball; Babe Ruth : first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean; great hero Charles Lindbergh : became more important during the 20s Automobiles : FDR’s radio addresses to the US; FDR’s “Fireside Chats

: Harlem Renaissance novelist and folklorist; Their Eyes Watching God Zora Neal Hurston : founder of UNIA; Black Star Steamship Line; Back to Africa Movement; The Negro World Marcus Garvey : started by Garvey to unite all people of African ancestry into one great body to establish a country and govt of their own United Negro Improvement Association W.E.B. Dubois: mentioned earlier : belief in literal interpretation of the Bible Fundamentalism : about evolution and fundamentalism and era of change; trial about teaching evolution in the state of Tennessee which was against the Butler Act; William Jennings Bryan was part of prosecution and Clarence Darrow was defense attorney; called the Monkey Trial Scopes Trial : female evangelist of 20s; Aimee Semple McPherson : former baseball player who became an evangelist during the period Billy Sunday

: activist for birth control in US; founded organization that became Planned Parenthood Margaret Sanger : government spending more money than is brought in by taxation Deficit spending : started during New Deal by FDR; set up pensions for old age retirement Social Security : insured bank deposits; tried to stop bank panics Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC : regulated the Stock Market; tried to stop stock market crashes Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC : set up public works jobs for unemployed people Public Works Administration (PWA : gave young men jobs working on conservation projects; Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC

: were 2 versions; first was declared unconstitutional; basically wanted to limit production to keep farm prices high enough to help farmers stay out of debt Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) : developed electric power through hydroelectric dams on the Tennessee River and helped the poor residents of this area; flood control Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) : “The Blue Eagle”; allowed competing companies to work together to set wages, prices, etc. to help keep businesses open during the Depression; was declared unconstitutional National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) : offered jobs in a number of different fields from construction and public works to authors, artists, and actors Works Progress Administration (WPA) : led to more labor union membership; said workers had the right to join union, take part in a strike and use collective bargaining National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

: set up a minimum wage, maximum hours and time and a half pay for overtime Fair Labor Standards Act : FDR critic; Radio priest; said FDR was not doing enough to fight the Depression Father Charles Coughlin : nicknamed The Kingfish, FDR critic; Share Our Wealth; had plan to guarantee every family a minimum amount of money per year and free education; was assassinated Huey P. Long : first woman on the President’s cabinet; was Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins