1 Major Initiatives & Future Directions of the U.S. Department of Energy‘s Geothermal Technologies Office Technology & Innovation

2 Photovoltaics Concentrating Solar Power System Integration BOS Soft Costs Reduction Innovations in Manufacturing Land Based Offshore Distributed Market Acceleration and Development Marine and Hydrokinetics Hydropower Market Acceleration and Deployment Enhanced Geothermal Systems Hydrothermal Low Temp and Coproduced U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Reduce GHG emissions by 17% by 2020, 26-28% by 2025, and 83% by 2050 EERE Mission: Increase the Generation of Electric Power from Renewable Resources $478 M

3 U.S. All-of-the-Above Energy Mix Source: 2014 Renewable Energy Data Book, U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory EERE Mission: Increase the Generation of Electric Power from Renewable Resources

4 U.S. Renewable Electricity Generation (% of total gen.) Source: 2014 Renewable Energy Data Book, U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

5 Policy “Tools” for Implementation Targets R&D Investments Loan Guarantees Tax Incentives Policy Markets/ Consumer Preference Technology & Innovation Production Tax Credit (PTC) Consolidated Appropriations Act, Future Wind ($.02/kWh) Full 80%60%40%0% Geothermal electric ($.02/kWh) Full 0% Biomass ($.01/kWh) Full 0% Hydroelectric ($.01/kWh) Full 0%

6 Policy: Importance of U.S. Geothermal Incentives Source: 2015 Geothermal Energy Association Annual U.S. and Global Geothermal Power Production Report

7 DOE Policy: QTR-Opportunities for Geothermal Development Develop advanced remote resource characterization tools to identify geothermal opportunities without surface expression Purposeful control of subsurface fracturing and flow Improve and lower $/MW subsurface access technologies Develop mineral recovery and hybrid systems to provide second stream of value

8 Technology/Innovation: DOE Geothermal Technologies Office FY16 & FY17 Major Initiatives Mineral Recovery Hybrid Systems Deep Direct Use Play-Fairway Analysis Subsurface Engineering Crosscut (SubTER) EGS Integrated R&D Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) Enhanced Geothermal Systems Hydrothermal Low Temperature GeoVision Study Systems Analysis

9 Promote DIVERSE & TRANSFORMATIONAL research to: Validate and optimize EGS technology Perfect access to and creation of productive and sustainable reservoirs Develop, test and improve stimulation & characterization techniques in an ideal EGS environment. Capture and disseminate high fidelity data in real-time Ensure reproducibility for commercial scale-up Federal Role: Test technologies/take technical risks not possible in private sector Work under aggressive timeframe Enable access to enormous 500+ GWe resource GOALS Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy FORGE Overview EGS

10 FORGE Phase 1 Teams Broad Collaboration & Data Rich Sites EGS Newberry, OR: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Milford, UT: University of Utah Snake River Plain, ID: Idaho National Laboratory Fallon, NV: Sandia National Laboratories Coso West Flank, CA: Sandia National Laboratories DIVERSE and TRANSFORMATIONAL research in subsurface engineering and geoscience OPPORTUNITY to take advantage of a world-class, fully characterized & controlled environment SHARE, COMMUNICATE, and EDUCATE the broader technical and non-technical community

11 Where are We Now? FORGE Phase 1: Planning PHASE 1: 5 projects | 1 year | $2M Phase 1 work underway now: Assess all available site characterization data Compile site data into a conceptual geologic model of the proposed site Archive site data to the DOE’s Geothermal Data Repository (GDR) Finalize teaming and cost-sharing Develop the key operational plans Phase 1 down select to 1-3 sites begin in June 2016 & Phase 2 selections announced Late summer 2016 Phase 1 down select to 1-3 sites begin in June 2016 & Phase 2 selections announced Late summer 2016 $2 M $17 M $10 M University of Utah SNL PNNL SNL INL May 23 EGS May

12 Play Fairway Initiative Fairway Analysis Phase I: Complete (11 awards) Phase II: In Progress (6 awards) Phase III: TBD Phase I: Complete (11 awards) Phase II: In Progress (6 awards) Phase III: TBD HRC

13 Subsurface Engineering Crosscut (SubTER) Wellbore Integrity Subsurface Stress & Induced Seismicity Permeability Manipulation & Fluid Control New Subsurface Signals Characterization and control subsurface stress and induced seismicity Materials and technologies to ensure wellbore integrity over decadal timeframes Sensors and algorithms to monitor subsurface dynamics and facilitate adaptive control Approaches to manipulate subsurface fractures, reactions and flow HRC 2015: Joint ($6M) Geothermal and Fossil Lab R&D on all topic areas 2016: Joint Geothermal ($3M)/Fossil ($6M) Funding Opportunity released March 1. Applications due in April New signals to characterize and image the subsurface: Detect geochemical or geophysical signals Characterize the stress distribution and permeability in the subsurface by integrating multiple datasets Process signals from existing datasets

14 Mineral Recovery Initiative This matrix was used in the “Critical Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications” report by the Resnick Institute in (Original source: Hageluken, C., and Meskers, C.E.M.: Complex Life Cycles of Precious and Special Metals) Technology metals produced as byproducts of base metals. LT Phase I (2014) Technical feasibility and economic viability of extraction combined with power production Assess current Rare Earth Element (REE) and near-critical metal resource base, potential extraction volumes & perform techno- economic analysis Phase II (2016) $4M Competitive Funding Opportunity Announcement released: Topic Area 1: Leveraging Methods from Other Extractive Industries for Surface Operations o Leveraging Methods From Other Extractive Industries to Enhance Subsurface Materials Recovery o Topic Area 2: o U.S. Regional or Nationwide Assessment of High Value Materials in U.S. Geothermal Fluids and Produced Fluids.

15 Deep Direct Use (DDU) Objective: Determine the feasibility of developing and deploying low-temperature, deep-well geothermal systems for direct heating and cooling applications throughout the U.S. Planned FY17 Activities ($4M Requested): DDU applications would be systemically engineered to optimize the use of the heat entrained in geothermal brines to provide the energy needed for large-scale residential and commercial thermal applications. GTO plans to run a competitive FOA (Up to $4M) for a DDU site selection, assessment, and feasibility study. LT

16 GeoVision Study DOE seeks to develop credible analysis jointly with the geothermal community that: I.Articulates clear strategies across different sectors and has a cohesive plan to attain the goals; II.Discusses geothermal growth scenarios thru 2050 backed by robust data, modeling and analysis; III. Addresses all market segments: existing and potential hydrothermal, electrical and non-electrical usages, new EGS sector, and other value streams: IV.Supported by objective and peer- reviewed industry data and available to decision-makers; and V.Is aspirational and inspirational SA

17 Thank you.