Which family has 4 valence electrons? A) Alkaline metals family B) Alkaline earth metals family C) Boron family D) Carbon family E) Nitrogen family F) Oxygen family

Which family has 2 valence electrons? A) Alkaline metals family B) Alkaline earth metals family C) Boron family D) Carbon family E) Nitrogen family F) Oxygen family

Which family has 7 valence electrons? A) Carbon family B) Noble gas family C) Halogen family D) Alkaline earth metals family E) Nitrogen family F) Oxygen family

Choose all the metals A) Na (sodium) B) K (potassium) C) P (phosphorus) D) N (nitrogen) E) C (carbon) F) Li (lithium)

Chemical Bonds Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Ionic Bonds Transfer electrons from one atom to another atom to form a stable bond Occurs between metals and non-metals Stable because both atoms have filled outer energy level (8 valence electrons)

Formation of Ionic Bonds Atom that gives electron Becomes positively (+) charged Cation Na+ Atom that takes electron Becomes negatively (-) charged Anion Cl-

Formation of Ionic Bonds Stable Electron Configuration = filled outer energy level (8 electrons)

Formation of Ionic Bonds When giving electrons (metals) => atoms act like stable noble gases When taking electrons (non metals) => atoms act like stable noble gases How many electrons would sodium give? What noble gas would it acting as? How many electrons would oxygen take? What noble gas would it acting as?

Chemical Formulas DRAW THE IONS (charge) THAT EACH ATOM FORMS Li and FCa and Cl Li and NBa and F Write the chemical formula between the two atoms

How many electrons would calcium give? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 F) 6

How many electrons would Fluorine take? A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3 E) 2 F) 1

Predict the chemical formula be between Na(sodium) and O(oxygen). A) NaO B) Na 2 O C) ONa 2 D) O 2 Na 2 E) NaO 2 F) Na 2 O 2

Predict the chemical formula between Be(beryllium) and S(sulfur). A) BeS B) Be 2 S 2 C) Be 2 S D) SBe E) S 2 Be 2 F) BeS 2

Predict the following chemical formula between Li(lithium) and Cl(chlorine). A) Li 2 Cl 2 B) Cl 2 Li 2 C) Li 2 Cl D) ClLi E) LiCl 2 F) LiCl

Choose all the non metals A) Na (sodium) B) K (potassium) C) P (phosphorus) D) N (nitrogen) E) C (carbon) F) Li (lithium)

Covalent Bonds Valence electrons between two bonding atoms are shared to form a stable bond Occurs between non-metals  Give 3 examples of non-metals Stable because both atoms have filled outer energy level (8 valence electrons)

Covalent Bonds Both atoms share valence electrons Attraction with shared electrons Cause => covalent bond

Types of Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Electrons are not shared equally 1 atom of the molecule has a negative charge 1 atom of the molecule has a positive charge Non Polar Covalent Bonds Electrons are shared equally Atoms in molecule have opposite pull and cancel each other out

Attraction between Polar Molecules Negatively charged sides of polar molecules can form bonds with positive sides of other molecules **called hydrogen bonds**

Select the following compounds that have ionic bonds (multiple answers) A) NaCl B) MgCl 2 C) CO 2 D) O 2 E) OF 2 F) Cs 2 S

Predict the chemical formula between Na and Br. A) BrNa B) Br 2 Na C) NaBr D) NaBr 2 E) Na 2 Br 2 F) Br 2 Na 2

Predict the chemical formula between Zn +2 (zinc) and Cl(chlorine) A) ZnCl B) Zn 2 Cl C) ClZn D) ZnCl 2 E) Cl 2 Zn F) Zn 2 Cl 2