Nationalism

James Monroe’s two terms as president are know as the “Era of Good Feelings” Geographic expansion of the republic Economic expansion The growing spirit of nationalism- an outcome of the War of 1812

Era of Good Feeling American System- sponsored by John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay 1. protective tariff for American manufacturing 2. internal improvements- a national system of roads and canals paid for by revenue from the tariff to aid commerce between farmers in the southern and frontier sates and their markets 3. authorization of a Second Bank of the U.S- expiration of the First Bank’s charter in 1811

The American System Tariff of Westerners and people from the Middle Atlantic states supported the tariff. Daniel Webster argued for no tariff John C. Calhoun-expected the South would develop manufacturing and were willing to live with the tariff.

The American System The National or Cumberland Road Began in 1811 and in 1816, Congress passed a bill for internal improvements at federal expense. Pres. Madison vetoed it because he did not believe the Constitution allowed expenditures to improve transportation. Pres. Monroe vetoed it as well.

The American System The prosperity brought about b the postwar boom sparked a frenzy of borrowing to buy land and to build factories. Banks eager to make money were willing to offer loans with little collateral. 1818, to stem the speculation, the Bank of the United States ordered its branch banks to tighten credit. A depression ensued that lasted for 3 year.

Tallmadge Amendment The admission of Missouri, part of the Louisiana Purchase, to the Union as a slave stave was the first serious controversy over slavery since the ratification of the Constitution. There were 11 free states and 11 slave states with 21 votes each in the Senate. The House passed and the Senate rejected the Tallmadge Amendment that would have outlawed the further importation of slaves into Missouri and freed all people on their 25th birthdays who were born into slavery after Missouri became a state.

Missouri Compromise Then Maine petitioned to be admitted as a free state, thus restoring the balance of slave and free states. Henry Clay was able to reach a compromise in which 1. Maine would be admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state 2. any future state created from the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36 30’ line would be free.

Rush-Bagot Agreement After the War of 1812, the U.S. and Great Britain signed the Rush-Bagot Agreement by which they agreed not to keep warships on the Great Lakes. In 1818, they set up the boundary between the Louisiana Territory and Canada at the 49 th parallel

Florida In 1818, President Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson into East Florida in what became known as the First Seminole War to stop raids by native Americans into U.S. territory. 1819, Spain agreed to give up East Florida in return for the United States’s abandonment of claims to Texas. Adams-Onis Treaty- also recognized U.S. claims to the Oregon Territory.

Monroe Doctrine 1823, was a warning to European nations to stay out of affairs of the Western Hemisphere, and in return, the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs.

Election of The Federalist party was dead, the Republicans were split into several groups, usually along sectional lines, so that 4 Republicans ran for president in Georgia- William H. Crawford Massachusetts- John Q. Adams West- Henry Clay Tennessee- Andrew Jackson When the election was over, Jackson had the most electoral votes, but not a majority.

Election of 1824 According to the 12 th Amendment, the House of Representatives was to decide the election. Clay was disqualified because he had the fewest number of electoral votes. He threw his support to Adams. Adams was elected president. When Adams made Clay his secretary of state, Jackson and his supporters claimed that a “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams had cost Jackson his rightful victory.

Transportation Erie Canal- New York to connect the Northeast and the Great Lakes. No canals were as financially successful as the Erie Canal, and the Panic of 1837, along with the advent of the railroad, ended the Canal Era. 1830s- railroads- did not rely on waterways for their routes, operate in all kinds of weather, were cheap to operate.

The Factory System The factory system replaced the domestic system in the U.S. in the early 1800s. The first mills were located in New England and operated by water power. Francis Cabot Lowell and his Boston Associates formed a corporation to build Lowell, Massachusetts, a company town whose factories produced textiles. The Lowell System- an experiment in running factories without the abuses of the English factory system. The first workers were native-born women recruited from New England farms. They lived in supervised boarding houses and viewed millwork as a way to help out their families and to save for their future marriages.

Other Key Terms Richard Arkwright, Samuel Slater-spinning machines John C. Calhoun, VP, election of 1824 Robert Fulton, Clermont Samuel F.B. Morse, telegraph Daniel Webster, “defender of the Constitution,” nationalist Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts