US VS FRANCE Annabelle (Aly McMahon)

WHAT’S IN STORE… Origins of Jazz Origins of Jazz The Blues The Blues Robert Johnson Robert Johnson New Orleans New Orleans African Americans African Americans Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Duke Ellington Jazz in France Hot Club de France Sidney Bechet Michael Petrucciani

ORIGINS OF JAZZ Born in New Orleans Born in New Orleans Roots in musical traditions of both Africa and Europe Roots in musical traditions of both Africa and Europe Union Union

ORIGINS OF JAZZ African roots: African roots: Rhythm and “feel” Rhythm and “feel” “blues” quality “blues” quality Playing an instrument in your own expressive way Playing an instrument in your own expressive way An “extension” of your humanity An “extension” of your humanity European roots: Harmony (similar to classical music) Most of the instruments used in jazz originated in Europe (saxophone, trumpet, piano) Musial improvisations from both

SIDE NOTE: BLUES Late 1800’s Born in the south Born in the south African American derived music that recognized the pain of lost love and injustice African American derived music that recognized the pain of lost love and injustice Gave expression to the broken heart Gave expression to the broken heart Evolved from hymns, work songs, and field hollers Evolved from hymns, work songs, and field hollers Music used to accompany spiritual, work and social functions Music used to accompany spiritual, work and social functions Foundation of jazz Foundation of jazz Prime source of and rhythm and blues, rock and roll, country music Prime source of and rhythm and blues, rock and roll, country music

ROBERT JOHNSON Started off a mediocre poor guitar player Started off a mediocre poor guitar player He disappeared to Mississippi to sell his soul to the devil at the crossroads He disappeared to Mississippi to sell his soul to the devil at the crossroads When he returned he immediately became one of When he returned he immediately became one of the most highly regarded blues guitarists of all time He mysteriously died two years later No one knows for sure how he died, no one knows where he is buried 3 separate grave sites, =GsB_cGdgPTo&nohtml5=False

NEW ORLEANS 1900’s Port city, with people arriving from all over the world Port city, with people arriving from all over the world A meeting place for different ethnic groups A meeting place for different ethnic groups A city with a night life A city with a night life Opportunity to play together, learn from one another, and blend these elements Opportunity to play together, learn from one another, and blend these elements

“NEW ORLEANS HAD A GREAT TRADITION OF CELEBRATION. OPERA, MILITARY MARCHING BANDS, FOLK MUSIC, THE BLUES, DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHURCH MUSIC, RAGTIME, ECHOES TRADITIONAL AFRICAN DRUMMING, AND ALL OF THE DANCE STYLES THAT WENT WITH THIS MUSIC COULD BE HEARD AND SEEN THROUGHOUT THE CITY. WHEN ALL OF THESE KINDS OF MUSIC BLENDED INTO ONE, JAZZ WAS BORN.” -WYNTON MARSALIS

AFRICAN AMERICANS Jazz was born from the African American experience in the US Jazz was born from the African American experience in the US Evolved from slave songs and spiritual songs (religious folk songs) Evolved from slave songs and spiritual songs (religious folk songs) Originators and innovators were primarily native American Originators and innovators were primarily native American

LOUIS ARMSTRONG Vocalist and trumpeter Vocalist and trumpeter Son of a prostitute and grew up in poverty Son of a prostitute and grew up in poverty 1922, Armstrong was invited to travel to Chicago and join King Olivers Creole Jazz Band The most celebrated jazz band in Chicago at the time Gave him a platform for his later fame and success He changed the shape of the jazz Solos became more prominent, rhythm and melody became more complex and varied, and the emphasis of jazz shifted from the ensemble to the individual

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DUKE ELLINGTON One of the greatest jazz composers of all time More than 2,000 songs written For almost 50 years he toured the world as a band leader and piano player His recordings remain among the most popular jazz of the big-band era. w2m1JmCY w2m1JmCY

DUKE ELLINGTON By the time he was seventeen he began playing professionally Mother was a piano player 1923 he moved to New York, and the following year formed his own band The Washingtonians Secured an engagement at Harlem’s famous Cotton Club Turning point in his career In 1931 Ellington left the Cotton Club and began a series of extended tours His big band was made up of five reeds, four trumpets, three trombones, drums, a bass, and a piano He believed in letting the dissonant voices of each musician play against each other. Other composers had concerned themselves with creating a sound that unified the many instruments into one voice

JAZZ IN FRANCE During the World War 1 African American soldiers introduced jazz to France During the World War 1 African American soldiers introduced jazz to France Les Annees Folles “The Crazy Years” Les Annees Folles “The Crazy Years” After the war After the war All art forms were changing All art forms were changing Tastes turned to unconventional and exotic Tastes turned to unconventional and exotic Jazz made people feel alive again Jazz made people feel alive again It was needed after the horrors of the war It was needed after the horrors of the war

HOT CLUB DE FRANCE Appreciated by the young in the 1930’s Appreciated by the young in the 1930’s Parisian students formed a jazz club Parisian students formed a jazz club Originally met to listen to jazz but later became ambassadors Originally met to listen to jazz but later became ambassadors “Hot Club de France” grew into an organization working to promote jazz in France “Hot Club de France” grew into an organization working to promote jazz in France

HOT CLUB DE FRANCE Hugues Panassie was president but in 1936 Loius Armstrong was elected Honorary President until his death in 1971 Appreciated American jazz Trying to find French talent Discovered guitarist Django Reinhardt, violinist Stephane Grappelli who some others started the “Hot Club Quintet” The first all French jazz band First all string jazz band

SIDNEY BECHET American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz One of the first notable jazz saxophonist Born in New Orleans, lived in Garches, France Joined Will Marion Cook's Syncopated Orchestra band played the Royal Philharmonic Hall in London In London Sidney found the straight soprano saxophone described as "emotional", "reckless", and "large“ international hit "Petite Fleur“

MICHEL PETRUCCIANI A French jazz pianist. From birth he had osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disease that causes brittle bones and, in his case, short stature became one of the most accomplished jazz pianists of his generation despite having arms that caused him pain. Grew up in a family of musicians His disability helped him to stay focused on music and not get distracted by things ordinary boys get involved in like sports "Sometimes I think someone upstairs saved me from being ordinary.“

SUMMARY Born in New Orleans Born in New Orleans Roots in musical traditions of both Africa and Europe Roots in musical traditions of both Africa and Europe The Blues is the foundation of jazz The Blues is the foundation of jazz Prime source of and rhythm and blues, rock and roll, country music Prime source of and rhythm and blues, rock and roll, country music New Orleans brought people together from all around the world New Orleans brought people together from all around the world Opportunity to play together, learn from one another, and blend these elements Opportunity to play together, learn from one another, and blend these elements African Americans brought jazz to France African Americans brought jazz to France Prospered during Les Annees Folles Prospered during Les Annees Folles Hot Club de France was the first all French jazz band Hot Club de France was the first all French jazz band

WORKS CITED "Jazz in America." Jazz in America. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr "About Duke Ellington." PBS. PBS, 12 Dec Web. 18 Apr "Music and the Holocaust." Music and the Holocaust. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr