Growing Pains of the Republic Essential Questions: 1.How did the country test the boundaries of federal and state authority? 2.What were the causes and effects of the Civil War?

Checks and Balances Review Executive Branch o Checks Supreme Court o Checks Congress Power of the VETO Legislative Branch o Checks president o Checks Supreme Court Judicial Branch o Checks President o Checks Congress

Westward Expansion: The Louisiana Purchase 1803 Thomas Jefferson purchases the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon o 15 Million dollars Doubles the size of the country Was the purchase constitutional? o Judicial branch allowed it, so yes. Louis and Clark sent to explore Sparks westward expansion

Westward Expansion: Manifest Destiny Americans feel it is their right to expand their country from “sea to shining sea” Thousands move west on wagon trails o Oregon Trail

The Monroe Doctrine President Monroe wants to ensure Spain doesn’t recover it’s lost American Colonies Monroe Doctrine: o European monarchies had no business meddling with American republics o U.S. Would stay out of European affairs

Power: State or Federal? Power is concentrated to state and federal o Congress nominated presidential candidates state legislatures chose electors to cast their vote Political shift on the frontier o Any man can vote at the age of 21 o Free African Americans could only vote in some states o Women could not vote at all

Andrew Jackson Won the presidential election of 1828 Was considered the common man’s president Supported Georgia against the Cherokee o 1831 forced thousands of Indians from their homes in Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama to move to Oklahoma o Trail of Tears

The Problem with Tariffs Federal government imposing large tariffs (taxes) Used to protect manufacturers in the North South does not like the higher prices on imported goods

Nullification Crisis South Carolina passes a law nullifying the federal tariff o Creating a law that says federal law no longer applies Jackson asks Congress for federal troops in response Congress lowers the tariff Crisis passes, but federal distrust in the South remains

The Second Great Awakening 1820s religious revival Attracted thousands of religious converts Fueled the growth of some Christian denominations o Baptists and Methodists Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church) founded during this time

Anti-slavery Movement Abolitionists want an immediate end to slavery Fredrick Douglass, escaped slavery and became an abolitionist in the North Harriet Tubman, also escaped slavery o Helped people escape slavery through the Underground Railroad William Lloyd Garrison o Published the liberator, an abolitionist newspaper Abolitionists themselves were targeted for attacks by pro slavery citizens

Women’s rights Women’s wages went to their husband or father Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first women’s rights movement Women did not receive to the right to vote until the 20 th century

War with Mexico Manifest Destiny Americans began to settle in Texas Had to fight for their freedom from Mexico Annexed by the U.S. in 1845 Mexican American war o Dispute over where the border should be Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo o Rio Grande is the border

GOLD!!! 1848 Gold is Discovered in California 1849 thousands of 49ers head west hoping to make it rich o Most did not find gold The people who did make it rich were shop owners and merchants who sold goods to the miners