The Constitutional Convention Compromise to Results 1787.

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The Constitutional Convention Compromise to Results 1787

Facts of the Convention Philadelphia, Summer 1787 Philadelphia, Summer 1787 Originally a meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation Originally a meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation Leaders included James Madison (Father of the Constitution), George Washington (presided over events), and Benjamin Franklin (oldest, Doctor Franklin) Leaders included James Madison (Father of the Constitution), George Washington (presided over events), and Benjamin Franklin (oldest, Doctor Franklin) Who wasn’t there? Who wasn’t there?

Biggest Issues? North vs. South—Slavery North vs. South—Slavery Big States vs. Small States— Representation in Congress Big States vs. Small States— Representation in Congress

North vs. South--Slavery Northern States—MA, RI, NH, CT, NJ, DE, NY, PA Northern States—MA, RI, NH, CT, NJ, DE, NY, PA Southern States—MD, VA, NC, SC, GA Southern States—MD, VA, NC, SC, GA How to count slaves? How to count slaves? –Northern States wanted NONE, but if necessary, to count for taxes, not representation –Southern wanted YES, no taxes and add to representation

North vs. South--Slavery How was this solved? How was this solved? –3/5 compromise—Five slaves = 3 freemen for representation AND taxes –Slave trade would end in 1808 –New states would decide what they wanted as they entered

Big States vs. Small States Big States—VA, NY, GA, NC, PA, MA, SC Big States—VA, NY, GA, NC, PA, MA, SC Small States—NH, RI, DE, NJ, MD, CT Small States—NH, RI, DE, NJ, MD, CT How should states be represented in Congress? How should states be represented in Congress? –Big States wanted it based on population –Small States wanted it equal for each state

Big States vs. Small States How did they solve this problem? How did they solve this problem?

The Virginia Plan Stronger national government Stronger national government Bicameral legislature Bicameral legislature Proposed by James Madison Proposed by James Madison Proposed representation based on population Proposed representation based on population

New Jersey Plan Stronger National Government Stronger National Government Unicameral legislature Unicameral legislature Supported by small states Supported by small states Equal representation for all states Equal representation for all states

Connecticut “Great” Compromise Stronger national government Stronger national government Bicameral legislature Bicameral legislature –House of Representatives—based on population –Senate—2 per state

Ratification Debates Federalists Federalists –Madison, Hamilton, Jay –Supported the new Constitution –Argued why a stronger national government was necessary –The Federalist Papers Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists –Jefferson, Henry –Did not support the new Constitution like Federalists –Argued a Bill of Rights was needed to secure rights of people –Thought new government too powerful unchecked

Ratification Ratified on September 17, 1787 Ratified on September 17, 1787 Four years later, Bill of Rights added! Four years later, Bill of Rights added!