How many chromosomes do humans have?

How many of the 46 are autosomes?

How many sex chromosomes do humans have?

How many different blood types are there?

There are four basic blood groups. Type A Type B Type AB Type O There are four basic blood groups. Type A Type B Type AB Type O

What can happen if you have extra or missing autosomes?

You can potentially get a chromosomal disorder

Blood type heredity

Genetics of Blood type pheno- type genotype antigen on RBC antibodies in blood donation status AI A I A or I A i type A antigens on surface of RBC anti-B antibodies __ BI B I B or I B i type B antigens on surface of RBC anti-A antibodies __ ABI A I B both type A & type B antigens on surface of RBC no antibodies universal recipient Oi ii i no antigens on surface of RBC anti-A & anti-B antibodies universal donor

Draw a Punnett square showing all the possible blood types for the offspring produced by a type “O” mother and an a Type “AB” father Draw a Punnett square showing all the possible blood types for the offspring produced by a type “O” mother and an a Type “AB” father

Three babies were recently mixed up in a hospital. After consideration of the data below, which of the following represent the correct baby/parent combinations? A.I-3, II-1, III-2 B.I-1, II-3, III-2 C.I-2, II-3, III-1 D.I-2, II-1, III-3 E.I-3, II-2, III-1 Couple # Blood groups I A and A II A and B III B and O Baby # Blood groups 1B1B 2O2O 3 AB

A mother with type B blood has two children, one with type A blood and one with type O blood. Her husband has type O blood. Which of the following could you conclude from this information? A.The husband could not have fathered either child. B.The husband could have fathered both children. C.The husband must be the father of the child with type O blood and could be the father of the type A child. D.The husband could be the father of the child with type O blood, but not the type A child. E.Neither the mother nor the husband could be the biological parent of the type A child.

Autosomal Disorders

Scientists study human chromosomes by making a Karyotype Scientists study human chromosomes by making a Karyotype

Scientists study human chromosomes by making a Karyotype Karyotype – a photo of a set of chromosomes from a cell It tells if the normal amount of chromosomes are present Scientists study human chromosomes by making a Karyotype Karyotype – a photo of a set of chromosomes from a cell It tells if the normal amount of chromosomes are present

Errors of Meiosis Chromosomal Abnormalities

trisomy 2n+1 Nondisjunction Baby has wrong chromosome number –trisomy cells have 3 copies of a chromosome –monosomy cells have only 1 copy of a chromosome n+1n monosomy 2n-1 n-1n

Genetic Disorders Autosomal Recessive– gene is located on one of the autosomes and is not dominant

Down syndrome Trisomy 21 –3 copies of chromosome 21 –1 in 700 children born in U.S. Chromosome 21 is the smallest human chromosome –but still severe effects Frequency of Down syndrome correlates with the age of the mother

Sex chromosomes abnormalities Human development more tolerant of wrong numbers in sex chromosome But produces a variety of distinct syndromes in humans –XXY = Klinefelter’s syndrome male –XXX = Trisomy X female –XYY = Jacob’s syndrome male –XO = Turner syndrome female

XXY male –one in every 2000 live births –have male sex organs, but are sterile –feminine characteristics some breast development lack of facial hair –tall –normal intelligence Klinefelter’s syndrome

Jacob’s syndrome male XYY Males –1 in 1000 live male births –extra Y chromosome –slightly taller than average –more active –normal intelligence, slight learning disabilities –delayed emotional maturity –normal sexual development

Turner syndrome Monosomy X or X0 –1 in every 5000 births –varied degree of effects –webbed neck –short stature –sterile

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