مقرر كيمياء عامة 110 CHEM 110.

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Presentation transcript:

مقرر كيمياء عامة 110 CHEM 110

للمؤلفين : أ.د. عبدالله عسيري الكتاب المقرر Chemistry – 10th Edition by Raymond Chang المرجع مختصر الكيمياء العامة للمؤلفين : أ.د. عبدالله عسيري د. محمد قاضي

السياسة الواجب على الطالبة الالتزام بها على الطالبة الالتزام بالتالي: حضور المحاضرة في وقتها المحدد، عدم تكرار التأخر عن المحاضرة، حضور الامتحانات في موعدها المحدد، أداء الواجبات المطلوبة. الطالبة التي تزيد نسبة غيابها عن 25% من مجموع المحاضرات (أي بما يعادل 8 محاضرات)، دون عذر، تحرم من دخول الامتحان النهائي.  الطالبة التي تتخلف عن الاختبار لن يعاد لها الاختبار (إلا في حالة الظروف القاهرة لا سمح الله). عدم ارتداء العباءة في قاعة الامتحان. يجب على الطالبة إحضار الأدوات التي تحتاجها في الامتحان والآلة الحاسبة الخاصة بها. عدم استخدام الجوال كآلة حاسبة في الامتحان.   في حالة الغش تسحب ورقة الطالبة فوراً وتحرم من استكمال الاختبار وتقدم للجنة تأديبية.                                                                     مع أطيب التمنيات بالتوفيق،،،،

توزيع الدرجات Course Grading First exam :30 Second exam: 30 Final term exam: 40 marks Total: 100 امتحان دوري أول:      30  درجة امتحان دوري ثاني:     30  درجة امتحان نهائي:           40  درجة ____________________ المجموع:               100  درجة

التقديرات الدرجات التقدير 100-95 A 94-90 A+ 89-85 B 84-80 B+ 79-75 C 74-70 C+ 64-60 D ˃ 60 F

Chemistry Raymond Chang 10td ed. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 1 Chemistry The Study of Change 1.7 Measurement (p.15-20) SI units . Mass and Weight Volume Density Temperature Scales. Table 1.2 & Table 1.3 Examples 1.1-1.2-1.3

1.7 measurement.

International System of Units The SI System Metric System Length (L) Mass (M) Weight (W) Density (D) Volume (V) Temperature (T) Time (second)

International System of Units (SI)

Prefixes used with SI Unit استخدام البادئات (مضاعفات أو أجزاء) هو من أجل التبسيط والاختصار للكميات المقاسة The base unit is meter (m) examples The base unit is liter (L) The base unit is gram (g)

Prefixes used with SI Unit unit (meter-m), (gram-g), (liter-L) Exa (E)= 1018 Peta (P)= 1015 Bigger unit X 10-n المضاعفات Tera (T)= 1012 Gega (G)= 109 Mega (M)= 106 kilo (k)= 103 hecto (h)= 102 deca (da)= 101 unit (meter-m), (gram-g), (liter-L) dece (d)= 10-1 centi (c)= 10-2 mili (m)= 10-3 micro (m)= 10-6 nano (n)= 10-9 smaller unit X 10+n pico (p)= 10-12 femto (f)= 10-15 atto (a)= 10-18 الأجـــزاء

Example The SI prefixes giga- and micro represent, respectively: (b) 106 and 10-3 (c) 103 and 10-3 (d) 109 and 10-6

Tera (1012) kilo (103) dece (10-1) nano (10-9) Mega (106) nano (10-9) 1- التحويل بين وحدات أكبر من الوحدة الأساسية (المضاعفات) (نأخذ فرق الأسس المطلقة بين الوحدات المراد التحويل بينها) Tera (1012) kilo (103) 2- التحويل بين وحدات أصغر من الوحدة الأساسية (الأجزاء) (نأخذ فرق الأسس المطلقة بين الوحدات المراد التحويل بينها) dece (10-1) nano (10-9) 3- التحويل بين المضاعفات والأجزاء مروراً بالوحدة الأساسية (نجمع الأسس المطلقة للوحدات المراد التحويل بينها) Mega (106) nano (10-9) ملحوظة مهمة في حالة التحويل من وحدة كبيرة إلى وحدة صغيرة نضرب في معامل بأس موجب أما في حالة التحويل من وحدة صغيرة إلى وحدة كبيرة نضرب في معامل بأس سالب

Examples How many microseconds are in a second ? (a) 1 x 10-1 (b) 1 x 10-6 (c) 1 x 10-15 (d) 1 x 10 6 Prefix (جزء أو مضاعف) → Base Unit (وحدة أساسية) put the power sign from the table of prefixes Base Unit (وحدة أساسية)→ Prefix (جزء أو مضاعف) reverse the power sign from the table of prefixes

Which of the following is the smallest distance? (a) 21 m (b) 2.1 x 102 cm (c) 21 mm (d) 2.1 x 104 pm Put all of them in the same unit → 21m → 2.1m → 0.021 m → 2.1 x 10-8 m

Measurement mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 103 g weight - force that gravity exerts on an object The Mass of an object doesn't change when an object's location changes. Weight, on the other hand does change with location. weight = c x mass on earth, c = 1.0 on moon, c ~ 0.1 A 1 kg bar will weigh 1 kg on earth 0.1 kg on moon

Volume – SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3) Volume = width × length × height = m × m × m = m3 1 dm3 = (1 x 10-1 m)3 = 1 x 10-3 m3 1 cm3 = (1 x 10-2 m)3 = 1 x 10-6 m3 Common unit of volume is liter (L) and milliliter (mL) 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3 = 1 dm3 The relationship between (L), (mL) and metric system 1 mL = 1 cm3 1 L = 1 dm3

Density – SI derived unit for density is kg/m3 mass volume d = m V m 1 g/cm3 = 1 g/mL = 1000 kg/m3 d v 1 g/mL = 1×10-3 g/L A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm3 has a volume of 4.49 cm3. What is its mass? d = m V m = d x V = 21.5 g/cm3 x 4.49 cm3 = 96.5 g

Worked Example 1.1

Worked Example 1.2

Temperature Scales There are three temperature scales, their units are: 1. Degrees Celsius 0C 2. Degrees Fahrenheit 0F 3. Kelvin K Kelvin is the SI Base Unit of Temperature

K = 0C + 273.15 273 K = 0 0C 373 K = 100 0C 0F = x 0C + 32 9 5 32 0F = 0 0C 212 0F = 100 0C

Convert 172.9 0F to degrees Celsius. 0F = x 0C + 32 9 5 0F – 32 = x 0C 9 5 x (0F – 32) = 0C 9 5 0C = x (0F – 32) 9 5 0C = x (172.9 – 32) = 78.3 9 5

Example 1.3: (a) Convert 224 0C → 0F? °F = [(9 /5 ) × °C ] + 32 [°F = (9 /5 ) × 224 °C] + 32 = 435 0F (b) Convert -452 0F → 0C ? °C = (5 /9 ) (°F - 32 ) °C = (5 /9 ) (-452 - 32 ) = -269 0C (c) Convert -38.9 0C → K ? ° K = -38.9 °C + 273.15 = 234.3 K

Temperature Units Conversion K → °C or °C → K K = °C + 273.15 °C = K - 273.15 °F → °C or °C → °F °F = [ (9/5) × °C] + 32 °C = (5/9) (°F - 32) No relatationship between K → °F or °F → K Thus: K → 0C → 0F or 0F → 0C → K

Problems 1.17 - 1.18 – 1.19 – 1.22 - 1.23 – 1.25 – 1.26 Dr.S.Al-Mhyawi