Do Now 1.Why doesn’t food end up in your lungs and air in your stomach? 2.The bronchi and bronchioles are called the conducting zone; whereas the alveoli are the respiratory zone. Why are these names appropriate for the structures?

Upcoming Dates Friday, November 21 – Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Test Week of December 2 (Tuesday &Thursday) – Review for Final Exam Monday, December 8 – A&P Final Exam Part 1 Wednesday, December 10 – A&P Final Exam Part 2 Friday, December 12 – A&P Final Exam Part 3 Tuesday, December 16 – Eukaraoke Practice Thursday, December 18 – Eukaraoke Performances

Agenda Do Now5 min Review of Anatomy10 min Respiration15 min Ventilation15 min Hyperventilation Study 35 min Exit Ticket5 mins

Objective  By the end of today’s class period, I will be able to explain how gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.

Vocab review  Conducting Zone:  The parts of the respiratory zone that conduct or direct air into the lungs

Vocab Review  Respiratory Zone:  Some bronchioles and the ALVEOLI

Vocab Review  Ventilation:  The process by which large volumes of gas are transported into the lung

Respiration  Following the process of ventilation (air is funneled into the lungs), respiration occurs  Respiration is also referred to as gas exchange.

Gas Exchange  This term refers to the exchange of CO 2 from the blood with O 2 from the air in the lungs  Why do the gases change places?

Why do the gases change place?  The large differences in concentration of the gases cause them to diffuse.

Where is there a high concentration of CO 2 ?

Let’s practice a short answer.  How does the process of gas exchange occur across the alveolar capillary membrane without the input of energy?

Process of Respiration  The process of respiration requires the following steps: 1.Ventilation 2.External respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood) 3.Respiratory gas transport (oxygen moves to tissue) 4.Internal respiration (gas exchange between blood and cells)

Internal vs. External Respiration  What is one similarity between internal and external respiration?  What is one difference between internal and external respiration?

Process of Respiration  The process of respiration requires the following steps: 1.Ventilation 2.External respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood) 3.Respiratory gas transport (oxygen moves to tissue) 4.Internal respiration (gas exchange between blood and cells) We’re learning about this.

Boyle’s Law  Who remembers Boyle’s Law from chemistry?

What happens to the pressure if the volume increases?

Inspiration (inhalation)

Expiration (exhalation)

hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter23/a nimation__alveolar_pressure_changes_during_inspir ation_and_expiration.html 1. Inspiration begins as... a.the diaphragm relaxes. b.the diaphragm contracts. c.the lungs expand. d.the lungs contract. e.none of the above. 2. The result of the process of inspiration is... a.increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. b.increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure. c.decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. d.decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure. e.increased alveolar pressure caused decreased alveolar volume. 3. During expiration... a.increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. b.increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure. c.decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. d.decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure. e.decreased alveolar pressure caused increased alveolar volume. 4. True or False : The alveoli never attain equal pressure with the ambient (outside) air. 5. True or False : As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases.

Hyperventilation  Rapid or deep breathing at a rate faster than your normal breathing patterns  Alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds body production of carbon dioxide  Getting rid of carbon dioxide faster than the body can produce  Causes for hyperventilation?  Voluntary  Involuntary

How long can you hold your breath?  Time how long you can hold your breath. Once you exhale, record the time.  Safety first – do not hold your breath too long; this is not a competition. If you feel light-headed or dizzy, let me know immediately.  Calculate the mean breath-holding time NameCondition 1 - Normal Time (s)

How does hyperventilation affect the length of time you can hold your breath?  Hyperventilate for 45 seconds – take rapid breaths  Time how long you can hold your breath. Once you exhale, record the time.  Safety first – do not hold your breath too long; this is not a competition. If you feel light-headed or dizzy, let me know immediately.  Calculate the mean breath-holding time after hyperventilation NameCondition 1 - Normal Time (s) Condition 2 - Hyperventilate Time (s)

Graph & Conclusions  Create a scatterplot illustrating the normal breath- holding time and the hyperventilating breath- holding time  Don’t forget to cover your T.A.I.L. (title, axis, increments, labels)  What conclusions can you draw from this experiment?  Why would a matched pairs design be inappropriate for this study?

The Impulse to Breathe  Your desire to exhale is less about your body’s need for oxygen, and more about your body’s need to get rid of carbon dioxide  High carbon dioxide levels in blood trigger the brain to inhale (not low levels of oxygen!!)  How does this fit with your results from the experiment we did in class?

Real Question  What is the relationship between pressure and volume called in this equation?

Weird Question  Why do you cough?  A need to clear dust from the lower respiratory tract. A deep breath closes the epiglottis and a forceful expiration is performed.

Real Question  What does the diaphragm do in the process of inspiration?

Weird Question  Why do you sneeze?  Similar answer. You need to clear dust from the upper respiratory tract. The uvula closes the air pathway to the mouth and routes it through the nose

Real Question  When the diaphragm flattens, what happens to the pressure and volume of the lungs?

Weird Question  Why do you hiccup?  An irritation of the phrenic nerve causes rapid spasms of the diaphragm. The quick inhalations make the hiccup sound as the pass over the vocal cords (glottis)

Real Question  What role does the diaphragm play in ventilation?

Exit Ticket 1.What causes oxygen to move from the lungs into the blood without the use of energy? 2.To what does the term gas exchange refer? 3.When the diaphragm contracts, do the lungs expand or contract? How does this affect the pressure and volume of the lungs? Is this inspiration or expiration? 4.What causes your desire to breath?