CHAPTER 10 THE RISE OF ISLAM

Religious Comparisons Major World Religions Major World Religions Christianity: 1.9 billion followers Christianity: 1.9 billion followers Judaism: 13.4 million followers Judaism: 13.4 million followers Buddhism: 338 million followers Buddhism: 338 million followers Hinduism: 764 million followers Hinduism: 764 million followers Islam: 1 billion followers Islam: 1 billion followers Others: 1.6 billion followers Others: 1.6 billion followers

THE PHYSICAL SETTING ARABIAN PENINSULA SOUTH OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT ARABIAN PENINSULA SOUTH OF THE FERTILE CRESCENT SAUDI ARABIA - TODAY SAUDI ARABIA - TODAY

THE PHYSICAL SETTING CROSSROADS OF THREE CONTINENTS MOSTLY DESERT, FEW OASES

THE DESERT PEOPLE BEDOUINS – HERDERS WHO LIVED AS NOMADS BEDOUINS – HERDERS WHO LIVED AS NOMADS ORGANIZED INTO TRIBES AND ARMIES CALLED CLANS ORGANIZED INTO TRIBES AND ARMIES CALLED CLANS

THE DESERT PEOPLE THEY BEGAN TO SETTLE ON THE COAST AND IN AN OASIS CARAVAN ROUTES DEVELOPED

CROSSROADS AND TRADE SILKS, SPICES, INCENSE, AND IDEAS WERE ALL TRADED ALONG THE CARAVAN ROUTES SILKS, SPICES, INCENSE, AND IDEAS WERE ALL TRADED ALONG THE CARAVAN ROUTES MECCA TRADING CITY MECCA TRADING CITY

CROSSROADS AND TRADE PILGRIMS CAME TO WORSHIP AT THE KA’ABA 360 IDOLS, WORSHIP MANY GODS MANY WERE MONOTHEISTIC

QUICK CHECK! THE ARABIAN PENINSULA IS THE CROSSROADS OF WHAT THREE CONTINENTS? THE ARABIAN PENINSULA IS THE CROSSROADS OF WHAT THREE CONTINENTS? WHAT WERE THE NOMADS CALLED? WHAT WERE THE NOMADS CALLED? WHAT ALLOWED FOR THE SPREAD OF IDEAS AND GOODS TO AND FROM THIS AREA? WHAT ALLOWED FOR THE SPREAD OF IDEAS AND GOODS TO AND FROM THIS AREA?

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD BORN IN 570 IN MECCA ORPHANED AT AN EARLY AGE RAISED BY AN UNCLE & GRANDFATHER

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD CAMEL DRIVER AND CARAVAN TRADER CAMEL DRIVER AND CARAVAN TRADER VERY LITTLE EDUCATION VERY LITTLE EDUCATION

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD MARRIED A WEALTHY WIDOW WOMAN – KHADIJAH HE WAS 25 AND SHE WAS 40

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD THEY HAD FOUR CHILDREN THEY HAD FOUR CHILDREN HE SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES HE SPENT A LOT OF TIME IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD WHEN IN THE DESERT DURING PRAYER THE ARCHANGEL GABRIEL APPEARED WHEN IN THE DESERT DURING PRAYER THE ARCHANGEL GABRIEL APPEARED

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD HE WAS 40 YEARS OLD HE WAS 40 YEARS OLD CHOSEN TO PREACH OF ALLAH TO THE ARABS CHOSEN TO PREACH OF ALLAH TO THE ARABS

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD HE TAUGHT THAT ALLAH WAS THE ONE GOD ISLAM – “SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH”

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD MUSLIM - “ONE WHO HAS SUBMITTED” MUSLIM - “ONE WHO HAS SUBMITTED” 613 BEGAN PREACHING IN MECCA 613 BEGAN PREACHING IN MECCA

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD MANY IN MECCA THOUGHT HE WOULD END THE PILGRIMMAGES TO THE KA’ABA

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD FEARING FOR HIS LIFE HE LEFT MECCA IN 622 FEARING FOR HIS LIFE HE LEFT MECCA IN 622 HIJRAH – “FLIGHT” WENT TO MEDINA “ CITY OF THE PROPHET HIJRAH – “FLIGHT” WENT TO MEDINA “ CITY OF THE PROPHET

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD 630 HE CAME BACK TO MECCA AND CAPTURED THE CITY WITH 10,000 FOLLOWERS

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD DESTROYED IDOLS AT KA’ABA BELIEVED ABRAHAM BUILT DESTROYED IDOLS AT KA’ABA BELIEVED ABRAHAM BUILT

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD CALL TO PRAYER MADE FROM THE ROOF OF THE KA’ABA NOW FROM MINARETS – TOWERS

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD HE DIED 2 YEARS LATER IN 632 AT THE AGE OF 62 HE DIED 2 YEARS LATER IN 632 AT THE AGE OF 62 MANY ON ARABIAN PENINSULA HAD CONVERTED MANY ON ARABIAN PENINSULA HAD CONVERTED TO ISLAM TO ISLAM

QUICK CHECK! Cover your notes! Cover your notes! With your group come up with three things you have learned about the Prophet Muhammad With your group come up with three things you have learned about the Prophet Muhammad

THE FAITH ISLAM QUR’AN OR KORAN IS THEIR HOLY BOOK GOOD AND EVIL RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR OWN ACTIONS

THE FAITH ISLAM QUR’AN IS WRITTEN IN ARABIC AND DISCOURAGED TRANSLATIONS QUR’AN IS WRITTEN IN ARABIC AND DISCOURAGED TRANSLATIONS BECAME COMMON LANGUAGE RELGION, LAW, LITERATURE BECAME COMMON LANGUAGE RELGION, LAW, LITERATURE

THE FAITH ISLAM QUR’AN IS BOTH SECULAR AND RELIGIOUS LAW FOR MUSLIMS

THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH # 1 FAITH – “THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH, AND MUHAMMAD IS THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH”

THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH # 2 PRAYER – 5 TIMES A DAY FACING TOWARDS MECCA MOSQUE-ISLAMIC HOUSE OF WORSHIP

THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH #3 – ALMS- GIVING TO THE LESS FORTUNATE #3 – ALMS- GIVING TO THE LESS FORTUNATE IT IS A RELIGIOUS TAX IT IS A RELIGIOUS TAX

THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH #4 FASTING DURING THE MONTH OF RAMADAN EAT OR DRINK NOTHING FROM DAWN TO SUNSET

THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH #5- HAJJ OR PILGRIMAGE – AT LEAST ONCE IN A LIFETIME A JOURNEY TO MECCA #5- HAJJ OR PILGRIMAGE – AT LEAST ONCE IN A LIFETIME A JOURNEY TO MECCA

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH MUSLIMS DO NOT SEPARATE RELIGIOUS FROM PERSONAL LIFE MUSLIMS DO NOT SEPARATE RELIGIOUS FROM PERSONAL LIFE

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE FORBIDDEN TO EAT PORK OR DRINK INTOXICATING BEVERAGES

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE FRIDAY AFTERNOON PRAYERS OR COMMUNAL WORSHIP FRIDAY AFTERNOON PRAYERS OR COMMUNAL WORSHIP NO PRIEST OR CENTRAL AUTHORITY NO PRIEST OR CENTRAL AUTHORITY

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE WOMEN DO NOT PRAY WITH MEN WOMEN IN MUSLIM CULTURE USUALLY WEAR TRADITIONAL COSTUME

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE MUHAMMAD’S MISSION AS A PROPHET TO RECEIVE THE QUR’AN AND SUNNA MUHAMMAD’S MISSION AS A PROPHET TO RECEIVE THE QUR’AN AND SUNNA

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE SUNNA – MUHAMMAD’S PROPER WAY OF LIVING – EXAMPLE

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE SHARIAH – SYSTEM OF LAWS THAT REGULATE DAILY LIVES (FAMILY, LAW, MORALS BUSINESS)

LINKS TO JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY BOTH CHRISTIANITY, JUDAISM, AND ISLAM HAVE THE SAME GOD JESUS IS A PROPHET, NOT THE SON OF GOD IN ISLAMIC BELIEF JESUS IS A PROPHET, NOT THE SON OF GOD IN ISLAMIC BELIEF

LINKS TO JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY BOTH ARE KNOWN AS “PEOPLE OF THE BOOK” TO THE MUSLIMS ABRAHAM WAS AN ANCESTOR

Jerusalem Considered to be of great importance to all three religions, all claim sacred. Dome of the Rock

QUICK REVIEW! Get out a piece of paper and cover your notes ….. Please answer these questions. 1. The major trading center of the Arabian peninsula was the city of _______________ 2. Name the building in this city where many people went to pray. __________________ 3. Who is the founder of religion of Islam?______ 4. What does Islam mean? __________________ Answers: 1. Mecca 2. Ka’aba 3. Muhammad 4. “submission to the will of God”

More Questions!!!! 5. What is the “holy month” when they fast? 6. What language is the Qur’an in? 7. What city is sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? 8. Who do the three religions trace their ancestry to? Answers: 5. Ramadan 6. Arabic 7. Jerusalem 8. Abraham