Philosophy Worldview October ,2013 Understanding the Times p

Preliminary Considerations Metaphysics: The study of ultimate reality Cosmology: The study of the structure, origin and design of the universe. Ontology: The study of the existence of being Mind/Body Problem: The study of the relationship of the mind to the physical body Naturalism: The belief that reality s composed solely of matter and that all phenomena can be explained in terms of natural causes Understanding the Times p

Leaders of Thought C.S. Lewis - Biblical Christianity Muhammad – Islam Corliss Lamont - Secular Humanism Frederick Engels – Marxism/Lenin Joseph Campbell – Cosmic Humanism Richard Rorty - Postmodernism Understanding the Times p

Key Questions What is Real ? What is Truth? Understanding the Times p

Worldview Chart Understanding the Times p

Philosophy Chart Christia nity IslamSecular Humani sm Marxist/ Leninism Cosmic Humani sm Post- Moderni sm Super- Naturalis m Super- Naturalis m Dialectical materialis m Non- Naturalis m Anti- Realism Faith and Reason Understanding the Times p

Christianity Supernatural (Faith and Reason) How does a Christian “KNOW” All knowing requires faith. Every Worldview begins with an assumption. “God would not mislead his children.” Understanding the Times p Belief ReasonFaithScience It is because the religious view of the universe seems to me to cover more of the facts of experience than any other that I have been gradually led to embrace it. - C.E.M. Joad

Islam Supernatural (Faith and Reason) Islamic philosophy is guided by the belief in several holy books the Torah, Psalms, the Gospels and the Qur’an. Understanding the Times p Any man can do what Mahomet can has done; for he preformed no miracles…No man can do what Christ had done. Blaise Pascal - Any man can do what Mahomet can has done; for he preformed no miracles…No man can do what Christ had done. Blaise Pascal - What does John 14:16 refer to?

Secular Humanism Naturalism- The philosophic belief that reality is composed solely of matter and that all phenomena can be explained in terms of natural causes. Humanist Manifesto II, “Nature may indeed be broader and deeper than we now know; any new discoveries, however, will but enlarge our knowledge of the natural.” Secular Humanism rejects all forms of the supernaturalism, pantheism, and metaphysical idealism. It sees mans chief aim as working for the welfare of all of humanity through science and reason. Naturalism- The philosophic belief that reality is composed solely of matter and that all phenomena can be explained in terms of natural causes. Humanist Manifesto II, “Nature may indeed be broader and deeper than we now know; any new discoveries, however, will but enlarge our knowledge of the natural.” Secular Humanism rejects all forms of the supernaturalism, pantheism, and metaphysical idealism. It sees mans chief aim as working for the welfare of all of humanity through science and reason. Understanding the Times p Humanism is naturalistic and rejects the super naturalistic stance its postulated Creator- God and Cosmic Ruler – Roy Wood Sellers

Marxism-Leninism Dialectical Materialism – in every thing there is a thesis and an anti - thesis. The resulting clash between the two causes a synthesis which becomes a new thesis. In short the world is not a ready made thing, but a complex series of evolutionary processes. Mind/Body- our mind reflects matter. Understanding the Times p Matter is the only existing objective reality; the cause foundation, content and substance of the diversity of the world. - Spirkin

Cosmic Humanism The roots of this philosophy are found in spirituality through personal introspection. (Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau) Non-naturalism- Everything is a part of God and in essence spiritual. Think a higher self not a higher power. Truth is an experience Understanding the Times p All things are One Thing. There is only One Thing, And all things are part of the One Thing That Is - Walsch

Post Modernism There is not one common belief, but there are common themes: 1. Truth is subjective 2. Deconstruction (multiple meanings to text) 3. Anti-realism- (reality is constructed by human thought Understanding the Times p That is just your interpretation.