LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL. Status report and outlook Julien Branlard, for the LLRF team Low Level Radio Frequency Workshop 2015 Shanghai, P.R.China, Nov. 3-6

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 2 TALK OVERVIEW > Introduction  European XFEL accelerator  LLRF architecture for XFEL  Schedule, team > Installation  Steps  Experience and problems > Commissioning  Warm  Cold

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 3 DE FR RU IT (72.7%) (6.4%) (5,9%) (7,7%) INTRODUCTION: European XFEL 3.4 km source: The European X-ray Free Electron Laser  17.5 GeV light source, Hamburg, Germany  TESLA superconducting 1.3GHz RF cavities  1.4 msec pulses at 10 Hz  e- beam 1.35 mA nom mA max  2016: construction / commissioning  2017: first user operation DE Hamburg

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 4 INTRODUCTION: LLRF for XFEL > LLRF: DESY in-kind  26 RF stations (808 cavities, 101 cryomodules)  MicroTCA.4 LLRF system, master / slave  Vector sum (32 cavities) RF control  2 piezo per cavities (1kHz tuning)  Motorized cavity tuners  Motorized Q L, one-time fixed power ratios KLYSTRON CM1 (8 cav.) CM2 (8 cav.)CM3 (8 cav.) CM4 (8 cav,) LLRF master LLRF slave BEAM MicroTCA.4 supporting modules RF parameters:  Pulse length 1.4msec ( usec)  Q L = 4.6e6 (½ bw = 140 Hz)  10 Hz rep. rate  ΔA/A = 0.01% ΔΦ = 0.01 deg.

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 5 INTRODUCTION: SCHEDULE > Installation granularity: 1 cryostring (i.e. 12 cryomodules) A2 A6-8 A9-11 A12-14 A15-17A18-20A21-23 A24-26 A15-17A18-20A21-23 A24-26 A15-17A18-20A21-23 A24-26 COOL DOWN + COLD COMM. A1 A3-5 A2 A6-8 A9-11 A12-14 A1 CRATE RACK TUNNEL CRATE RACK TUNNEL 2 years 3 months

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 6 INTRODUCTION: SCHEDULE > Status 11/2015  ~ 60/100 modules tested  ~ 50 modules installed > LLRF installed  Injector  L1  Beginning of L3  Note: L2 (beg. next year) > Target date  Tunnel closes Fall 2016

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 7 INTRODUCTION: THE TEAMS > THE INSTALLATION TEAM > THE COMMISSIONING TEAM + large support from our Polish colleagues! Annika Bart KrzysztofUros Gohar Wojtek Christian Matthias Mathieu Sven Uros Valeri Wojtek Mariusz

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 8 INSTALLATION

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 9 INSTALLATION: STEPS1/5 > Incoming inspection a.Device labelling b.Database (KDS)

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 10 INSTALLATION: STEPS2/5 > Incoming inspection > Device test a.Dedicated test stand for selected devices b.Device is marked as tested / approved (sticker)

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 11 INSTALLATION: STEPS3/5 > Incoming inspection > Device test > Crate installation a.Selection of components from storage b.Upload configuration in database (KDS) c.Installation of firmware, servers d.Basic functionality checks  checklist MTCA

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 12 INSTALLATION: STEPS4/5 > Incoming inspection > Device test > Crate installation > Rack installation a.Rack preparation b.MicroTCA.4 crate installation c.Supporting 19” modules d.Inner-rack cabling CPIM LOGM DCM MTCA PZ16M PSM rack occupation plans cabling instructions

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 13 INSTALLATION: STEPS5/5 > Incoming inspection > Device test > Crate installation > Rack installation > Tunnel installation a.Cabinet transport b.RF cabling (outer rack) c.Connections to mains, water and Ethernet, fibers d.Commissioning checklist Ready for warm commissioning

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 14 INSTALLATION: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY Professional cabling (in & out) Rack Assembly and Test Area (RATA) MicroTCA Assembly Area (MASSA) Storage

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 15 INSTALLATION: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY Late module production “sharing” one piece of HW (e.g. uLOG, x2timer-RTM) installation of “dummy” modules (e.g. DCM, REFM) space holders for unproduced modules (e.g. PZ16M, redundant PSM) incomplete rack preparation (e.g. no cable duct) More work during commissioning…

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 16 INSTALLATION: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY Rack deformation Cooling units leaks Dust conditions

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 17 COMMISSIONING

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 18 COMMISSIONING: INJECTOR 3rd harmonic A1 LLRF GUN: commissioning since Dec 2013 A1: installation May 2015 AH1:installation Sep 2015 Injector:cool down Nov 2015 GUN Sep Feb First accelerated photo electrons at XFEL! 10 Hz repetition rate 20 bunches 2nC bunch charge preliminary results ~ 7 MeV May 2015

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 19 WARM COMMISSIONING > Commissioning of 1 RF station  Can be done in parallel with down-stream installation work  Several stations could be done in parallel  TUEV approval  Making RF in tunnel for the first time > 1 st time for system-level integration  Timing (master timing, klystron, modulator)  Machine protection system  RF reference distribution (master oscillator)  Servers (DAQ, diagnostics, middle layer…) > Warm coupler conditioning  Automated using FSM  Power calibration for forward and reflected signals  Exercise phase shifters (verify cabling and channel assignment) [ 2-3 people, 1 week ]

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 20 COLD COMMISSIONING – NO BEAM > LLRF commissioning [ 2-3 people, 3 shifts ]  Need to perform several stations in parallel (LLRF team) > Cavity tuning  Automatic scripts  Fine tuning cavities to resonance (motor + piezo)  Adjusting cavity bandwidth (Q L = 4.6e6) > Making gradient for 1 st time (in tunnel)  Signal level adjustment (atten. ADC range opt.)  Probe gradient pre-calibration using virtual probe (final calibration requires beam) > Parameters configuration  Based on AMTF measurements  Filters (notches 8pi/9, 7pi/9)  Limiters (gradient, controller output) > Basic controller operation for 1 st time  Feed-forward drive of the system, system identification, phase adjustments  MIMO feedback, learning feed-forward, output vector correction > Piezo operation for 1 st time > Middle layer servers >…>… Cavity resonance control Cavity bandwidth control TECHNICAL COMMISSIONING (WITHOUT BEAM) IS WHAT WE EXPECT WILL TAKE THE MOST TIME!

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 21 COLD COMMISSIONING – WITH BEAM > Step-wise commissioning (  beam dump) [ 2-3 people, 1shift ]  injector  up to BC1, BC2  whole linac > Short pulse bunch trains  ideal: MHz, 200pC, bunches  also OK: 1 MHz, 1nC, bunches > Beam-based calibration  Channel delay alignment  Vector sum calibration  Phase adjustment using phase shifters > Beam loading compensation (BLC)  scaling (calibration) of toroid signal for BLC  adjusting timing > Test of basic functionality of beam-based feedback  Start with I1.A1, L1 and L2  If energy measurement available  L3 > Study series at FLASH Determine beam phase using BAM Max energy gain Channel alignment

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 22 FLASH LLRF commissioning experience > Firmware  Jumping phases after initialization  LLL communication lost > Operation  Setting undesired values  Rebooting wrong system MCH > Automation  Malfunction of routines  Limiter adjustments > Infrastructure  Loosing Ethernet connection  Inter crate communication > Server  Crashes or malfunction Courtesy: C. Schmidt See talk from U. Mavrič

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 23 OUTLOOK: TOOLS and AUTOMATION > Scripts  to deploy new firmware / server version  to set up and check configuration files  to save and restore setups > Overview servers / panels  to quickly identify irregularities / help troubleshooting  to monitor health of subsystem  to get a snapshot of the machine status temp., fan speed, cpu load, radiation, etc...  to gather statistics (downtime, preventive maintenance) > Operation top-level tools  tuning / detuning cavities from/to parking position, taking a cavity out of VS  ramping up / down an RF station (RF-cryo)  switch between beam operation modes (Q L adjustments?)  energy monitoring (high beam loading or close to quench limit)

Julien Branlard | LLRF installation and commissioning at the European XFEL | | Page 24 QUESTIONS ? THANK YOU ! 谢谢 Xièxiè