1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Updates: Homework: –reading 1.3 –Textbook organizers due tomorrow Today: Pretest

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Pre-test directions #2 pencil – name on scantron form DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST Answer every question to the best of your ability Guess if you can narrow the question to DO NOT guess if you cannot narrow down to 50-50

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Updates: Due: Textbook organizers Homework: –reading 1.1 –1.3 questions #3 - 5 from unit guide due Thursday Quiz questions start tomorrow, 1.3 only

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes LEQ: How do scientists solve problems? Activator: –What is a biologist and what do biologists do? Draw your impression of one. Key terms: observation, hypothesis, variable, theory, law (principle)

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Science assumes that we can understand the natural world by gathering and interpreting evidence. Lines of evidence: –Observations in the field and the lab (sensory data) –Experiments wherever, whenever possible –Reproducible by others? –Mathematical modeling strengthens predictions

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Science gathers evidence of a tentative nature:

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes A universal method for gathering evidence does not exist: Essential principles: –reasoning & inference –testing explanations –repeating experiments when necessary –peer review & (in)validation

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Question: Which word best describes a hypothesis? –A) proven –B) theoretical –C) testable –D) quantifiable

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Experimentation can demonstrate cause and effect A hypothesis is a testable explanation that defines a relationship between observations and variables: …what the scientist changes…A CAUSE …what the scientist measures…AN EFFECT Measurements become a source of experimentally verified data.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Question: One way observations differ from experiments is that only experimenters can: –A) test a hypothesis –B) produce scientific observations –C) make observations –D) demonstrate cause and effect

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes What role do hypotheses play in scientific inquiry? What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Updates: Due: 1.3 questions #3 - 5 from unit guide due Homework: –reading 1.1 –Case study due monday Quiz questions start Friday, 1.3 only

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes LEQ: How do scientists solve problems? Activator: 1 line each: –What role do hypotheses play in scientific inquiry? –What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable? Key terms: hypothesis, theory, law (principle)

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Science can change based on new evidence. A theory explains a collection of observations: –Large body of data, changed when necessary… Example: Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection: –Living things change over time because reproductive success varies in the environment –Data: fossils, anatomy, genes, ecology  experiments! –Alfred Wallace independently confirmed findings!

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Question: Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory? –A) proven by more than one scientist –B) unchanged by new evidence –C) accepted by the public –D) supported by evidence Does our definition of a theory sound like your everyday use of the word, or not? Discuss and summarize together.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Laws…what laws? Scientific laws are few and far between. –Laws (principles) are generalizations, a descriptor(s) that defines a way in which nature has been demonstrated to operate. –Example: the laws of Mendelian inheritance Science is poorly defined as a body of facts –Uncertainty is inevitable at the edge of discovering nature’s operations.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Focus: Ivory-billed Woodpeckers Is the Ivory-billed Woodpecker still alive in North America? Case study:

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Summary: How do scientists go about solving problems? Write about what you have learned, so far.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes How do experiments demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships? What is a scientific theory? How are hypotheses and theories related?

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Testing hypotheses

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Updates: Quiz questions start Friday, 1.3 only Homework: –reading 1.1 –Case study questions part 1 Q1, part 2 Q1, and part III questions 1, 2, 6 due Monday

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Quiz questions 1) Which word best describes a scientific hypothesis? a.testable b.skeptical c.provable d.quantifiable 2) In an experiment, the condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist is the a.dependent variable. b.constant. c.independent variable. d.control condition.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes LEQ: How do scientists solve problems? Activator: –Design a procedure that explains how to perform a skill you have such as a particular dance you know, a song you can sing, a machine you can fix, etc. Key terms: hypothesis, theory, law (principle)

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Updates: Case study questions part 1 Q1, part 2 Q1, and part III questions 1, 2, 6 due Monday Quiz questions resume Tuesday, 1.3 only Homework: –reading 1.1 –Stride inferences lab due Wednesday

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes Stride Inferences Lab Design a procedure that explains in detail, everything a person would need to do in order to measure all variables. –Anyone should be able to follow this procedure step- by-step and reproduce your data! –Test this with your group members first and if time permits, borrow a member of another group and see if they can reproduce your measurements.