Biology What is Life? The Scientific Method Ethics in Science

Characteristics of Life p.2  Warm up : How do you know if something is alive? 1. All living things show an orderly structure or organization. 2. All living things reproduce. 3. All living things grow and develop. 4. All living things interact with their environment.  Living things react to a stimulus. Ex: temp, prey, etc  A reaction to a stimulus is a response  Living things regulate its internal environment to survive by using energy. This is called homeostasis.

p.2 5. All living things adapt and evolve.  Adaptations are anything inherited by an organism that enables it to survive in its environment.  Evolution results when a species changes over time due to the adaptations it makes to survive.

Fill in the chart below on p.1. Explain how the objects do or don’t show eachof the characteristics of life. Characteristic of life: RobotVirus (hint p. 475) Tree

Fill in the chart below on p.1. Explain how the objects do or don’t show eachof the characteristics of life. Characteristic of life: RobotVirus (hint p. 475) Tree 1. Ordered structure Yes 2. ReproduceNo Yes 3. Grow and develop No Yes 4. Interact with environment Yes 5. Adapt and evolve Yes yes

Scientific Method p. 4  Warm up : Describe an experiment you conducted in your past. What did you learn?  Question- this is something you want to know more about.  Hypothesis- a possible explanation to a question that can be tested. (if, then statement)  Experiment- an activity that tests your hypothesis. Included are a list of materials and detailed procedures.  Variables are conditions you change that test your hypothesis.

 Controls- conditions that are not changed in order to see if the variables had any affect.  Independent variables- variable you control in your experiment.  Dependent variables- affected by your independent variables.  Only one variable can be changed at a time!

Simpsons and the Scientific Method p.3

Scientific Method: day 2, p.6  Warm up: What’s the difference between the dependent and independent variable?  ‘ Accuracy’ is how close a measurement is to the actual value. (does the scale give you your true weight?) ‘ Precision’ is how close the measurements are to each other.(does the scale give you the same weight all the time?)

Accuracy vs Precision p7  On the top of your left page, draw 2 dart boards. Label one “accuracy” and the other “precision”. Draw darts showing where they would land.  Accuracy (not precise) Precision (not accurate) Where would the arrows be if the shooter was accurate and precise?

Scientific method p6  Data tables- used to record the measurements taken during an experiment  Graphs- are used to help you see relationships between variables.  On the bottom of your left page (5), research and define these graphs and explain when they should be used: 1. Pie chart: 2. bar graph: 3. line graph:  Conclusion- a statement that determines if your hypothesis was correct or not and is based on your data. videovideo

Gum Lab p.7 1. Testable Question : What percent of bubble gum is made of sugar? 2. Background: research on internet. 3. Hypothesis: your answer to question based on background info. 4. Independent variable : the variable you control in the experiment. Will be several. 5. Dependent variable: the variable that is affected by independent variable. What you are measuring. 6. Control: what you compare the dependent variable to in order to determine if there is a change. 7. Materials: 8. Procedures: detailed. Step by step. Reproducible.

Gum Lab p Data table: keeps data collected. Use a title and labels with units. 10. Graph: displays data in a visual format. Can show relationships between variables. Use a title, label x and y axis. Give units. 11. Calculation: %= weight of sugar/ weight of unchewed gum. 12. Conclusion: discuss whether your hypothesis was right or wrong and why.

Evaluating information p.10  Warm up: What are some ways to make sure the results of a scientific experiment are valid?  Quantitative - data that are numbers. Ex: time, distance, temperature  Qualitative - observational data. Ex: migration paths, hunting behavior, etc.  Conclusions are valid if the experiment can be repeated over and over and give the same results.  The larger the sample size the more valid your results.  Throw out the outliers- data that is way off of the other data.

p10  A law is a scientific principle that is generally known to be true. Ex-the law of gravity  A theory is an explanation that is highly supported but still needs much more evidence. Ex- the big bang theory.  As new information is uncovered, scientists can change their laws and theories.  Scientific principles are always evolving.  Ethics in science- just because we can do something, does that mean we should?

The Clone Age p9  Watch the video about cloning. On your left page, write your opinion about cloning. Should it be legal? Why or why not? Use specific fact from the video.  Use the whole page