Fair Competition – what is it? Where contestants have a more or less equal chance to win

Examples of dishonesty in sport Match-fixing Cheating “diving” Arguing with the referee Fouling Performance enhancing drugs (for humans and animals) Tactics to distract or to provoke How many examples can you think of to add to this list or to support it? Religious believers encourage sportsmanship

Winning at all costs Do I compete fairly? Is fair competition important? Am I willing to use performance enhancing drugs? Is winning more important than participation? Explain your answers

Is competition bad? In real life, the world is competitive Few professionals play just for the love of the game No one remembers who comes second

Football plagued by ‘tsunami of cheating,’ claims Wenger Europol, the European Union’s law enforcement agency, revealed information suggesting 380 matches in Europe have been fixed involving “hundreds of criminals, corrupted officials and players”. “I can’t accept it and I was always a believer that there’s a lot of cheating in our game and that we are not strong enough with what happens, nor with doping, nor with the corruption of referees, nor with match-fixing. “It’s time we tackle this problem in a very serious way and that people who cheat are punished very severely as well. Sport is full of legends who are in fact cheats. We had a recent example again [Lance Armstrong’s cycling revelations] and we all have that responsibility to fight against that.

Match-fixing? Wenger experienced match-fixing first-hand in 1993 when his Monaco side finished third in France’s Ligue 1 to Marseille, who were subsequently found to have bribed opposition players to lose. Marseille were stripped of their title, relegated and club president Bernard Tapie was jailed.

Football plagued by ‘tsunami of cheating,’ claims Wenger Arsenal manager shocked by report which revealed level of match- fixing but he is sure game in England is clean Dirk Kuyt scores against Debrecen but the 2009 game is now being investigated over match-fix claims

Olympic disqualifications Swedish wrestler Ara Abrahamian is disqualified and stripped of his Olympic bronze medal after refusing to accept it in protest at a penalty call in his semi-final Cuban Angel Valodia Matos (above) is banned for life after kicking a taekwondo referee when he was disqualified for taking too long to resume after receiving treatment for an injury Iranian judoka Arash Miresmaili is disqualified for being overweight after allegedly going on a politically motivated eating binge Boxer Evander Holyfield is controversially disqualified for repeatedly punching on the break in a fight against Kevin Barry when clearly dominant The entire male Soviet pentathlon team is disqualified when it is discovered that Boris Onischenko 's epee had a button inside which, when pressed, activated the electronic scoring machine.

What does this show?

Wages Ronaldo and Messi - Real Madrid and Barcelona - Approx. £200,000 Sergio Aguero - Manchester City - £204,700 (Per Week) Yaya Toure - Manchester City - £212,903 (Per Week) Wayne Rooney - Manchester United - £226,112 (Per Week) Zlatan Ibrahimovic - PSG - £229,354 Per Week Samuel Eto'o - Anji - £327,474 Per Week

Carlos Tevez of Manchester City is believed to be paid around £198,000 a week. "The Guardian's annual special report of Premier League clubs' finances shows they spent £1.6bn on wages last season, most of it to players. The wage bill accounted for 67% of clubs' turnover, a similar level to the two previous years – wages were 68% of income in , and 69% in "

How can money be used to gain an advantage? Write down as many ways as you can think. What advantage does this give sportsmen?

How can money be used to gain an advantage?

Task: Divide into 4 groups- approximately 5 or 6s 2 groups work on Statement 1- one group FOR the argument and one group AGAINST the argument 2 groups work on Statement 2- one group FOR the argument and one group AGAINST the argument

Statement 1 “All athletes should have the motto “win at all costs”

Statement 2 “It is hard not to be tempted to take Performance Enhancing Drugs”

Statement 1 The debate: Honesty is key Training and competition should be done fairly The best person should win Cheating undermines The Issues: A cheat who wins makes a mockery of the competition Fellow competitors/team mates who worked hard lose out Fans are let down by people they see as role models Medals are lost, bans on competing are given, reputations are lost

Statement 2 The debate: Steroids allow a person to train harder and to push their bodies to a level that non-users can’t reach Can improve muscle mass, increase alertness, as a painkiller, as a sedative to calm nerves, as a diuretic or as masking agent to hide other drugs Regular drug testing The issues: The right person has not won the race/competition Severe health problems are risked ( even early death) Drug use allow unnatural muscle mass(body building) Drug users can have a massive advantage over fellow competitors- more focus, train through injuries, more aggressive, stronger, calmer…

What does religion say about morality in sport? Christianity: People should live and work in a disciplined way and proper behaviour in sport is this. Sport encourages life values…honesty, integrity and fair play “…your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit” (I Corinthians 6:19) “ Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established” (Romans 13:1)

What does religion say about morality in sport? Islam: Follow Islamic ethics All will be judged by Allah on Judgement Day – we will be held accountable for our actions Use the talents that Allah has given us Honesty is a key virtue Cheating is unethical Winning through hard work glorifies Allah Drugs are haram (forbidden)

What does religion say about morality in sport? Sikhism: Great emphasis is placed on physical fitness – many were soldiers and warriors Truth is the highest ideal but higher than this truthful living Sewa is key ( service to others) so cheating is selfish Drug use goes against Sikh principles Sikhs should fight injustice so cheating is wrong

Modesty in Sport Modesty and dress codes in sport is an issue for some religions Many Muslims believe that athletics and swimming kit is too revealing Shari’ah Law states that certain parts of the body must not be uncovered in public For men- knees to belly button must be covered ( no sumo wrestling) For women – no figure hugging outfits so only sports like pistol and rifle shooting in the Olympics has been allowed The role of women and sport in Saudi Arabia is very limited No mixed sport or training allowed

Susi Susanti, the first Olympic athlete to win gold for Indonesia in badminton Hassiba Boulmerka won the 1500 m for Algeria in 1992 wearing contemporary shorts

Ruqaya Al Ghasara

Religion and Sport Most religious believers appreciate the value of sport providing it does not involve cheating and dishonesty Read pages Answer questions 1, 2 ( look at 2 religions) and question 3 Read pages and answer questions 1 and 2