CHAPTER (2) SOFTWARE Emad Salem

Software Software is the planned, step-by-step set of instructions required to turn data into information. Software

3 Software Types Software Application Programs EX: Microsoft Word Application Programs EX: Microsoft Word Programming Languages EX: Visual Basic Programming Languages EX: Visual Basic Operating Systems EX: Microsoft Windows Operating Systems EX: Microsoft Windows

A- Applications Software Applications software can be used to solve a particular problem or to perform a particular task. Applications software Computer programmers are people who design, write, test, and implement software. Computer programmers The term user-friendly means that the software is supposed to be easy for a beginner to use or that the software can be used with a minimum of training.user-friendly Applications software may be either custom application or packaged application.

Types of Applications Software Custom Application: Organizations may pay computer programmers to write custom software, software that is specifically tailored to their needs.custom software  Ex.: Accounting SW, University SW. Packaged software, also called commercial software, is packaged in a container of some sort, usually a box or folder, and is sold in stores or catalogs. Inside the box are one or more disks holding the software and perhaps an instruction manual, also referred to as documentation. Packaged softwarecommercial softwaredocumentation  Ex.: Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop.

Acquiring Software Freeware is software for which there is no fee, it is uncopyrighted. Freeware Shareware is also given away free; the maker hopes for voluntary payment. Shareware - Commercial software is copyrighted, costs money, and must not be copied without permission from the manufacturer. - software piracy means Making illegal copies of commercial software and is punishable under the law. software piracy - A site license permits an organization, for a fee, to make a limited number of copies of a software product.site license - Electronic software distribution means a user can pay to download the software--move it from another computer to the user's computer. Electronic software distribution download

Some Task-Oriented Software 1. Word Processing / Desktop Publishing. 2. Electronic Spreadsheets. 3. Database Management. 4. Graphics. 5. Browser.

1- Word Processing Word Processing: The most widely used personal computer software is word processing software.word processing software lets you create, edit, format, store, and print text and graphics in one document. Ex.: Microsoft Word.

Desktop Publishing Desktop publishing packages meet high- level publishing needs to produce professional-looking newsletters, reports, and brochures. Desktop publishing

2- Electronic Spreadsheets Spreadsheets, made up of columns and rows of numbers, have been used as business tools. The ability to enter combinations of numbers in a meaningful way--such as different combinations of down payments, preparing budget. Ex. Microsoft Excel.

3- Database Management Software used for database management-- the management of a collection of interrelated facts--handles data in several ways. The software can store data, update it, retrieve it, report it in a variety of views, and print it in as many forms. Ex.: Microsoft Access, ORACLE.

4- Graphics - Graphics software can produce graphs, maps, and charts and can help people compare data, spot trends more easily, and make decisions more quickly. Graphic artists use graphics software to express their ideas visually. GraphicsGraphic artists - Ex.: Adobe Photoshop.

5- BrowserBrowser - A browser is software used to access the Internet.browser - Ex.: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera.

C- Operating SystemOperating System An operating system is a set of programs that lies between applications software and the computer hardware. Systems software refers to all programs related to coordinating computer operations, including the operating system, programming language translators, and service programs.operating systemSystems software Ex.: MS DOS, MS Windows, Mac, Unix, Android.

The main functions of the operating system: 1. Manage the computer's resources (Hardware), such as the central processing unit, memory, disk drives, and printers 2. Establish a user interface 3. Execute and provide services for applications software. Booting: Loading the operating system into memory. Booting

Microsoft Windows A key product is Microsoft Windows, software with a colorful graphical user interface (GUI). Windows offers on-screen pictures, which are called icons, and both pull-down and pop-up menus. These features encourage pointing and clicking with a mouse, an approach that can make computer use faster and easier.Microsoft Windowsgraphical user interface (GUIicons pull-downpop-up menus

Features of Microsoft Windows: 1. Graphical user interface (GUI): Using icons, and both pull-down and pop-up menus. iconspull-downpop-up menus 2. Plug and play: a concept that lets the computer configure itself when a new component is added. Plug and play 3. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE): A Windows technology lets you embed or link one document with another. Object Linking and Embedding (OLE

Computer People: 1. Information Technology. Information Technology 2. Data entry operators. Data entry operators 3. Computer operators. Computer operators 4. Computer programmers Computer programmers 5. Systems analysts. Systems analysts 6. Network Manager. Network Manager 7. Chief Information Officer (CIO) Chief Information Officer (CIO

1- Information TechnologyInformation Technology Many organizations have a department called Management Information Systems (MIS) or Computer Information Systems (CIS), Computing Services, Information Services, or Information Technology. This department is made up of people responsible for the computer resources of an organization. Management Information Systems (MIS Computer Information Systems (CIS Computing ServicesInformation ServicesInformation Technology

2- Data entry operatorsData entry operators Data entry operators prepare data for processing, usually by keying it in a machine- readable format. Data entry operators

3- Computer operatorsComputer operators Computer operators monitor the computer, review procedures, and keep peripheral equipment running. Computer operators

4- Computer programmersComputer programmers Computer programmers design, write, test, and implement the programs that process data on the computer system; they also maintain and update the programs. Computer programmers

5- Systems analystsSystems analysts Systems analysts are knowledgeable in the programming area but have broader responsibilities; they plan and design not just individual programs but entire computer systems. Systems analysts

6- Network ManagerNetwork Manager A professional called a network manager implements and maintains the organization's network(s).network manager

7- Chief Information Officer (CIO)Chief Information Officer (CIO The department manager, often called the chief information officer (CIO), must understand computer technology as well as the goals and operations of the entire organization. chief information officer (CIO