??? Steps The Are What

 1. OBSERVATION (or problem): Develop a question based on the observation/problem  2. GATHER INFORMATION: You need to get educated about the object, subject, etc.  3. HYPOTHESIS: Develop a tentative answer to the question  4. EXPERIMENT: Develop an experiment to test hypothesis.  5. ANALYZE DATA: Organize data in a systematic way to show meaning.  6. CONCLUSION: Was your hypothesis right or wrong? Possible explanations?

 My peach tree has a lot of dead leaves. Why are the leaves dying?

Research what peach trees need to live and what causes them to die. Are dead leaves a sign that the tree is dying? How much water is the tree getting, what kind of soil does this tree need, how much light, etc

 The tree is dying because it is not getting enough water.  If the tree is watered more, then the amount of dead leaves will decrease.

The key to good science experimentation is: 1. Make sure the experiment fits the hypothesis. 2. That there is only one variable being tested. 3. That all other items in the experiment are controlled. (Control group and constants) 4. Use of large sample sizes to increase accuracy. 5. All data is recorded, analyzed and organized and the experiment (and results) are repeatable.

 Control- The norm of a situation that the results are compared to.  Experimental Group- The part of the experiment that contains the factor you are trying to test.  Constants- Elements in the lab that do not change.  Variables- Elements in the lab that undergo change.

 Independent Variable- An element that you change in an experiment (amount of water).  Dependent Variable- An element that changes as a result of you changing the independent variable. (number of dead leaves)

 Double the amount of water the tree is getting for 2 weeks, then reevaluate.

 The hypothesis was correct since the number of dead leaves decreased.

Smithers sees a commercial for a special juice that is supposed to increase productivity and thinks this special juice could work. To test this, he creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 2,113 stacks, Group B made 1,587 stacks. 1.What was the initial observation? 2.Control Group 3.Independent Variable 4.Dependent Variable 5.What should Smithers' conclusion be? 6.How could this experiment be improved? 1.What was the initial observation? 2.Control Group 3.Independent Variable 4.Dependent Variable 5.What should Smithers' conclusion be? 6.How could this experiment be improved?

Lisa is tired of having short hair. A friend tells her Rogooti Goo will increase the speed of hair growth. Follow the steps of the scientific method to describe how Lisa would perform this experiment.

 You need to type a lab report to tell how you will carry out the experiment.  Headings: Observation, Gather Information, Hypothesis, Experiment (report data), and Conclusion.  All sentences need to be complete.

 A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon based on many observations and experiments over time.

 A relationship in nature that is supported by numerous experiments.  It describes something known to happen without error, such as gravity, but does not explain how it happens  It is up to the scientist to develop further hypotheses and experiments to explain WHY these relationships occur.

PURE  Exact Science of producing scientific theories.  There may be no practical usage  Doing science for the sake of science  Math and Theoretical Physics APPLIED  Used to come up with answers to problems  Answers a question in the natural world  Driven by the need to fix a problem or change something  Biology and Chemistry

 Development of String Theory  Pharmaceutical research and drug testing  Building different types of rocket engines in lab  Using new rocket engines to travel farther into space

 Once you have collected your data, part of analyzing is often creating a graph to you can notice trends, relationships, and overall understand what the data means.  In science we will almost always use a LINE GRAPH or SCATTER PLOTS. Other types of graphs can be effective but they are rare.

 IV is on the x axis and DV is on the Y axis.  Numbers must be evenly distributed across the axis, do not just copy your data table!  Assume it is a line graph if there are numbers on both axes or there is any measurement of time involved.  You must always label both axis with numbers and units.  You must always put a descriptive title on your graph.  If there is more than one line, make a key.  Your graph should take up all available space. Don’t make a tiny graph in the corner of your graph paper!

Temperature (c) Volume (mL)

Temperature (c) Volume (mL) The effect of temperature on volume of a liquid.

 In analyzing data while comparing the relationship between our dependent and independent variables, we can determine the relationships that the numbers (values) have. They will be…

 Both X and Y values increase or both X and Y values decrease.

 One variable is increasing and the other is decreasing.

 Y value stays constant over time. Indicates that the dependent variable is not affected by the independent variable.