11.1 States of Matter & Kinetic Molecular Theory pp

States of Matter There are 3 states of matter Solid Liquid gas

Solids Properties: Definite shape and volume Virtually incompressible Do not flow easily Why? Strong forces of attraction therefore particles are very close together

Liquids Properties: Takes the shape of the container but has definite volume Slightly compressible Flow readily Why? Weaker forces of attraction: particles are further apart and particles easily slide past each other.

Gases Properties: Take the shape and volume of the container Highly compressible Flow readily Why? Very weak forces of attraction: particles are very far apart, slide past each other very easily, and are easily compressed

States of Matter

Kinetic Molecular Theory Brownian Motion The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas This is the basis of the KMT

Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Particles in solids, liquids and gases are in constant, random motion. As the particles move, they collide with each other and any other object in their path. Kinetic energy is the energy of an entity due to its motion.

Kinetic Molecular Theory 2. Particles can move in three ways: a) translational motion - particles move in straight lines in gases and liquids b) rotational motion - particles spin in place in gases and liquids and is very limited in solids c) vibrational motion - particles vibrate back and forth in gases, liquids and solids

Kinetic Molecular Theory The strength of attractions limit the motion of a particle. SolidLiquidGas Type of Motion Vibrational Translational Rotational Vibrational Translational Rotational Strength of Attraction StrongestIntermediateWeakest Organization of Entities Highly Organized Intermediately Organized Least Organized

Kinetic Energy & Temperature Kinetic energy: Energy possessed by any moving object Entities move faster when warmed The faster entities move, the greater their kinetic energy. The increase in kinetic energy makes substances feel warmer to the touch.

Kinetic Energy & Temperature A change in state only occurs when the attractive forces between entities is overcome when sufficient energy is added Temperature - a measure of the average kinetic energy of the entities in a substance

Kinetic Energy & Temperature How does a Thermometer Work? As energy is transferred to the liquid in a thermometer, it causes the particles in the liquid move faster and farther apart (expand) and give a higher reading. As energy is removed from the liquid in a thermometer, it causes the particles to slow and move closer (contract) and give a lower reading.

Homework Read pp Answer p. 519 # 1 – 10