Chapter 14 Review

1.Farmland that is good for raising crops is known as _________. arable land 2.Nomadic herders must often move their livestock so that they can find grassland and __________ for the animals. water 3.The goal of Confucianism is for all people to ____________ in society. Act according to their roles 4.In the mid-1900s, Taiwan was able to produce goods cheaply because factories there paid low _______ to their workers. wages 5.To help cut down on pollution, the Chinese government has turned to building dams to produce _____________, that is, electricity made from water power. hydroelectricity

6.Crops grow well on the North China Plain because the Huang River______. deposits fertile soil after floods 7.In a command economy, poor planning is likely to lead to _____. product shortages and waste 8.What effect did workers’ low wages in China and Taiwan have on export sales? Other countries quickly bought the low-priced products. 9.Rural parents in China’s market economy often can’t afford to pay for school, so their children___________. often remain illiterate 10.After an uprising in which protesters demanded changes to the country’s political system, Mongolia’s communist leaders ________. Created a new constitution that protects freedom of religion

11.Explain why China’s government applies the one-child policy to the Han Chinese people and not to the other ethnic groups. The policy is strictly enforced in cities. Most Han Chinese live in cities. Most other ethnic groups live in less crowded areas. The government allows some people in rural areas to have more children. This policy helps protect China’s cultural heritage.

12.About half the people in Mongolia are __________ who tend livestock and do not settle in one place. nomadic herders 13.In northern China, wheat is a ________ crop, the basis of many diets. staple 14.Fertile soil along the Huang River starts out as a dust-like material called ________. loess 15.During China’s Great Leap Forward, steel production was favored instead of farming, and _________, or shortages of food, resulted. famines 16.During the years of China’s command economy, many services were provided to rural areas and _________, the number of years that people live, increased. life expectancy

17.Many inventions were first developed under the rule of Chinese dynasties, including Paper, silk, the magnetic compass, gunpowder and fireworks 18.What did a Qin emperor build to make China’s defenses stronger? Great Wall 19.Did the governments of China, Mongolia, or Taiwan change after the 1980s? If so, what changed, and how? China did not change. However, Mongolia and Taiwan allowed new political parties to take part in elections. 20.Trade with other nations helps a country’s economy. Why is it harder for Mongolia to export goods than it is for China and Taiwan? Mongolia has no seaport, which makes it difficult to transport goods. 21.What does the Three Gorges Dam produce? Hydroelectricity, or electricity from water power.

22.List the Pros and Cons of building the Three Gorges Dam. Provide at least 3 Pros and 3 Cons. Pros: prevents flooding, produces clean energy, created jobs, made shipping easier in the more difficult areas of the Yangtze River as well as increased shipping, new cities were an improvement from the old, and the dam replaced a coal-burning factory. Cons: People were displaced, the reservoir covered up a great deal of Chinese history, new cities were costly, fields and farms were lost, the new lake/reservoir is cooler in temperature causing the dangers to the ecosystem, erosion around the lake, possible cracking of the dam would cause tremendous damage and loss of life, corrupt government leaders have pocketed some of the relocation money which caused many Chinese to become homeless, sewage is building up in the reservoir which used to be flushed out into the ocean, and earthquakes as well as threats of terrorism could compromise the safety of the dam.

23.The growth of the Chinese government has caused pollution problems. Explain why the government continues to use coal- fired power plants despite the pollution problems they cause. The rapid growth of China’s factories requires a lot of energy. Bringing in alternative sources of energy is time-intensive and costly. Shutting down the existing power-plants would cause energy shortages, which in turn would impact China’s industries and workers.

24.Compare and contrast the governments, freedoms, and economies of China, Taiwan, and Mongolia. Taiwan and Mongolia have several political parties and hold open elections. They have religious freedoms as well as freedom of the press. China only has one political party, the Communist party. They have very few elections and choices are extremely limited. China also has very few freedoms which are limited by the government. China, Taiwan, and Mongolia all have Market systems.